1. Effect of Lactobacillus spp. on adhesion, invasion, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken and pig small-intestinal epithelial cell linesMaja Šikić Pogačar, Tomaž Langerholc, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sonja Smole Možina, Anja Klančnik, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background : Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease. This mainly arises through contamination of meat products during processing. For infection, Campylobacter spp. must adhere to epithelial cells of the mucus layer, survive conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and colonise the intestine of the host. Addition of probiotic bacteria might promote competitive a dhesion to epithelial cells, consequently reducing Campylobacter jejuni colonisation. Effect of Lactobacillus spp. (PCS20, PCS22, PCS25, LGG, PCK9) on C. jejuni adhesion, invasion and translocation in pig (PSI cl.1) and chicken (B1OXI) small-intestine cell lines, as well as pig enterocytes (CLAB) was investigated.
Results : Overall, in competitive adhesion assays with PSI cl.1 and CLAB cell monolayers, the addition of Lactobacillus spp. reduced C. jejuni adherence to the cell surface, and negatively affected the C. jejuni invasion. Interestingly, Lactobacillus spp. significantly impaired C. jejuni adhesion in three-dimensional functional PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell models. Also, C. jejuni did not translocate across PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell monolayers when co-incubated with probiotics. Among selected probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG was the strain that reduced adhesion efficacy of C. jejuni most significantly under co-culture conditions.
Conclusion : The addition of Lactobacillus spp. to feed additives in livestock nutrition might be an effective novel strategy that targets Campylobacter adhesion to epithelial cells, and thus prevents colonisation, reduces the transmission, and finally lowers the incidence of human campylobacteriosis.
Ključne besede: Campylobacter jejuni, Lactobacillus spp., chicken and pig cell line, adhesion, invasion, translocation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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2. Health related QoL in celiac disease patients in SloveniaEva Turk, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Alojz Tapajner, Veljko Vlaisavljević, Valentina Prevolnik Rupel, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among celiac disease patients using a validated questionnaire have been lacking in Slovenia. This study aims to measure HRQoL in celiac disease (CD) patients using EQ-5D internationally validated questionnaire and comparing it to the HRQoL of the general population.
Methods: In this cross sectional analysis all of the approximately 2000 members of the Slovenian Celiac Society were invited to take part. We used a 3 step approach for recruitment and data collection. HRQoL was evaluated through the EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L instrument (Slovenian version) and analysed using the ordinal logistic regression.
Results: Out of 321 patients who gave their consent, 247 celiac patients were included in the study (77%). 68% of the participants were female and 53% of them lived in an urban setting. Most patients originated from North-East Slovenia, whereas approximately 30% of patients came from other Slovenian regions. The EQ-5D respondents’ self-reported health status at the time of the study show that most patients have slight or no problems when living with CD. The duration of the gluten-free diet, academic education and rare (< 1 × year) doctor visits affect EQ-5D in a positive way. On the other hand, higher age and chronic rheumatic disease were negatively associated with EQ-5D also when compared to the general population.
Conclusion: This is the first Slovenian study to measure the HRQoL of Slovenian CD patients, using an internationally validated questionnaire. The results of our study show that HRQoL is slightly impaired among Slovenian patients with CD. Clinical characteristics are better determinants of their HRQoL than socio-demographic factors. Greater awareness of the impact of CD on patients’ HRQoL would improve the holistic management of CD patients.
Ključne besede: health, quality of life, HRQoL, celiac disease, EQ‑5D, valuation, measurement, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
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3. Probiotics for the prevention of acute respiratory-tract infections in older people : systematic reviewMaja Strauss, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Sabina Fijan, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The aim of this systematic review was to present the indirect influence of probiotics on the incidence and duration of acute upper respiratory-tract infections in older people, by regulating the immune system. Eight randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria, considering the threshold of older people being 60 years and over. Single strain probiotics were used in all studies, including three probiotic strains used in fermented foods: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota, and three probiotic strains used as food supplements: Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT5711, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Current evidence showed that certain probiotic strains were better than a placebo in lowering the incidence or number of older people experiencing acute upper respiratory tract infections; however, not all probiotic strains were efficient, and not all studies reported statistically significant outcomes. More high quality large-scale properly controlled clinical studies focusing on older people are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, fermented foods, upper respiratory tract infections, older people
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 5
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4. Promocija zdravja in preventivna uporaba večsevnih probiotikov za preprečevanje okužb zgornjih dihal pri starejših osebahMaja Strauss, 2024, doktorska disertacija Opis: Uvod: Življenjska doba se povečuje, s starostjo pa prihaja do različnih sprememb v imunskem sistemu, ki vodijo v povečano tveganje za nastanek okužb, od katerih so najpogostejše okužbe gastrointestinalnega in respiratornega trakta. Zato so številne raziskave usmerjene v preprečevanje infekcij dihal pri tej populaciji z namenom izboljšanja kakovosti življenja. Pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju zdravja starejših oseb ima uravnotežena črevesna mikrobiota, ki posredno vpliva na imunski sistem. Probiotiki izkazujejo koristno podporo črevesni mikrobioti. Z doktorsko disertacijo smo želeli raziskati, kakšna je vloga promocije zdravja in preventivne uporabe probiotikov pri preprečevanju okužb zgornjih dihal.
Metode: Izvedena je bila dvojno slepa, s placebom kontrolirana klinična študija z uporabo večsevnega probiotika OMNi-BiOTiC® Active. V raziskavi so bili uporabljeni validirani anketni vprašalniki: mini prehranska anamneza (MNA), vprašalnik o zdravju EQ-5D-5L, vprašalnik o kakovosti življenja (SF-36) in profil zdravega življenjskega sloga II (HPLP II). Zbrane podatke smo analizirali s statističnim programom SPSS (IBM SPSS 28.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Uporabljeni so bili opisna statistika, t-test za neodvisne vzorce, Mann-Whitneyjev U-test, t-test za odvisne vzorce, hi-kvadrat test in Fisherjev eksaktni test.
Rezultati: V klinično študijo je bilo vključenih 32 (33,7 %) moških in 63 (66,3 %) žensk. Povprečna starost udeležencev študije je bila 70,3 ± 4,8 leta; moških 72,1 ± 4,8 leta in žensk 69,3 ± 4,5 leta. V skupino, ki je prejemala probiotik, je bilo razporejenih 49, v skupino placebo pa 46 starejših oseb. Populacija je bila normalne prehranjenosti, saj je bil povprečni vmesni rezultat orientacijskega testa MNA 13,2 ± 1,1. Pojavnost okužb zgornjih dihal ni pokazala statistično značilne razlike med obema skupinama (p = 0,52449). Udeleženci klinične študije, ki so uživali probiotike, so imeli statistično značilno (p = 0,011) krajši čas trajanja bolezni, in sicer 3,1 ± 1,6 dneva, medtem ko je bil čas trajanja v placebo skupini 6,0 ± 3,8 dneva. Rezultati kažejo, da se starejše osebe premalo udeležujejo delavnic promocije zdravja in da lahko preventivna uporaba probiotikov pomaga skrajšati trajanje poteka bolezni.
Razprava: Promocija zdravja ima ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju kakovosti življenja pri starejši populaciji. Za izboljšanje zdravja starejše populacije sta potrebna sistemski pristop ter nudenje skupinskega in tudi individualnega izobraževanja. Ugotovitve naše raziskave kažejo, da je priporočljivo uživanje večsevnih probiotikov pri starejših osebah, saj lahko pripomorejo k lažji obliki akutne okužbe zgornjih dihal. Večsevni probiotiki imajo različne še neraziskane učinke na zdravje, zato so možnosti nadaljnjega raziskovanja odprte na številnih področjih.
Ključne besede: promocija zdravja, probiotiki, starejše osebe, okužba zgornjih dihalnih poti
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.07.2024; Ogledov: 105; Prenosov: 88
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5. Efficacy of direct or indirect use of probiotics for the improvement of maternal depression during pregnancy and in the postnatal period : a systematic review and meta-analysisKlavdija Čuček-Trifkovič, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sergej Kmetec, Maja Strauss, Hannah Dahlen, Jann Foster, Sabina Fijan, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The mother and infant form a unique bond, with maternal mental health affecting the interactions with the infant and infant behaviours impacting maternal mental health. One of the possible mechanisms influencing maternal mental health is the manipulation of the gut-brain axis by consuming probiotic supplements. Probiotics can also have an indirect influence on maternal mental health via the modulation of the infant microbiome and consequently improving the infant’s health and thus, indirectly leading to an improvement in maternal mood. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of probiotics on maternal mental health by searching for randomised controlled trials via international databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science until January 2022. A meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology where possible. We found seven clinical trials that included the word probiotics and addressed maternal depression and/or anxiety. Of these, five trials investigated the influence of maternal probiotic supplementation on the gut-brain axis. Two trials investigated the indirect influence of probiotics on maternal depression via supplementation of probiotics by infants and subsequent influence on the crying of colicky infants. Meta-analysis of two studies of pregnant and postnatal women and two studies of infants consuming probiotics on the outcome of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for mothers showed no statistical difference. The findings indicate that maternal depression is very complex and is influenced by various bidirectional factors. One of the factors that can improve maternal mental health is probiotics, however, careful consideration must be given to correct strain selection as strain-specific effectiveness was observed. Further well-designed, robust clinical studies are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, pregnancy, postpartum, depression, prevention, psychobiotics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.07.2024; Ogledov: 147; Prenosov: 17
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6. The efficacy of probiotics as antiviral agents for the treatment of rotavirus gastrointestinal infections in children : an updated overview of literatureAndrej Steyer, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sabina Fijan, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Enteric viruses, including the rotavirus, norovirus, and adenoviruses, are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. The rotavirus disease is especially prevalent among children, and studies over the past decade have revealed complex interactions between rotaviruses and the gut microbiota. One way to treat and prevent dysbiosis is the use of probiotics as an antiviral agent. This review focuses on the latest scientific evidence on the antiviral properties of probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children. A total of 19 studies exhibited a statistically significant antiviral effect of probiotics. The main probiotics that were effective were Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and various multi-strain probiotics. The underlying mechanism of the probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children included immune enhancement and modulation of intestinal microbiota leading to shortening of diarrhoea. However, several clinical studies also found no significant difference in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group even though well-known strains were used, thus showing the importance of correct dosage, duration of treatment, quality of probiotics and the possible influence of other factors, such as the production process of probiotics and the influence of immunisation on the effect of probiotics. Therefore, more robust, well-designed clinical studies addressing all factors are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, microbiota, rotaviruses
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.07.2024; Ogledov: 95; Prenosov: 11
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7. Knowledge of fermentation and health benefits among general population in North-eastern SloveniaMaja Šikić Pogačar, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sabina Fijan, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Fermented foods are staples of the human diet and fermentation process has been used by humans for thousands of years. The preparation of fermented foods was performed in the past without knowledge of the role of microorganisms involved. Nowadays, fermented foods, due to their proclaimed health benefits for consumers, are becoming increasingly popular. Our study was constructed to provide data on awareness and use of fermented foods among people in North-eastern Slovenia.
Methods: The cross-sectional study included 349 individuals (16–89 years of age). An online survey was designed to assess the participants' knowledge of fermentation, fermented foods, the consumption of fermented foods and awareness of the health benefits. Data were collected from March to June 2021 and analyzed using IBM SPSS 27.0.
Results: Compared with the youngest participants (< 21 years) knowledge of fermentation was higher in older individuals (p < 0.001). More than a half of the participants recognized the role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in fermentation process, however, only 18.3% of participants were aware of the role of the molds. Only 25.9% of the participants have become acquainted with fermented foods at home and 62.2% of them were aware of health benefits of fermented foods, but mostly on gastrointestinal health and the immune system.
Conclusions: As people today live predominantly in urban areas and incline towards westernized foods, they often lack the knowledge of fermentation and awareness regarding the nutritional value of fermented foods and their preparation. Steps should be taken to educate younger generations regarding the health benefits of fermented foods especially considering that most of them expressed their interest in learning more about the process.
Ključne besede: fermentation, fermented foods, health benefits, knowledge, microorganisms
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.07.2024; Ogledov: 101; Prenosov: 13
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8. Anemia in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease at the time of diagnosis and after 1 year of treatmentŽan Ferant, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Jernej Dolinšek, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: anemija, kronična vnetna črevesna bolezen, otroci, adolescenti, prevalence
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.04.2024; Ogledov: 208; Prenosov: 14
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10. Prevention of Campylobacter jejuni K49/4 adhesion to porcine small intestine cell line PSI cl1 using different plant extractsMaja Šikić Pogačar, Anja Klančnik, Sonja Smole Možina, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: adhezija, Campylobacter jejuni, celične linije, fenolne spojine, protiadhezijska terapija, rastlinski ekstrakti
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.04.2024; Ogledov: 167; Prenosov: 14
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