1. Loss of oxygen atoms on well-oxidized cobalt by heterogeneous surface recombinationDomen Paul, Miran Mozetič, Rok Zaplotnik, Jernej Ekar, Alenka Vesel, Gregor Primc, Denis Đonlagić, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Calorimetry is a commonly used method in plasma characterization, but the accuracy of the method is tied to the accuracy of the recombination coefficient, which in turn depends on a number of surface effects. Surface effects also govern the kinetics in advanced methods such as atomic layer oxidation of inorganic materials and functionalization of organic materials. The flux of the reactive oxygen atoms for the controlled oxidation of such materials depends on the recombination coefficient of materials placed into the reaction chamber, which in turn depends on the surface morphology, temperature, and pressure in the processing chamber. The recombination coefficient of a well-oxidized cobalt surface was studied systematically in a range of temperatures from 300 to 800 K and pressures from 40 to 200 Pa. The coefficient increased monotonously with decreasing pressure and increasing temperature. The lowest value was about 0.05, and the highest was about 0.30. These values were measured for cobalt foils previously oxidized with oxygen plasma at the temperature of 1300 K. The oxidation caused a rich morphology with an average roughness as deduced from atomic force images of 0.9 µm. The results were compared with literature data, and the discrepancy between results reported by different authors was explained by taking into account the peculiarities of their experimental conditions.
Ključne besede: heterogeneous surface recombination, recombination coefficient, cobalt, cobalt oxide, temperature dependence, pressure dependence, plasma, oxygen
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.03.2024; Ogledov: 228; Prenosov: 18
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2. Recombination of oxygen atoms on the surface of oxidized polycrystalline nickel : temperature and pressure dependencesDomen Paul, Miran Mozetič, Rok Zaplotnik, Jernej Ekar, Alenka Vesel, Gregor Primc, Denis Đonlagić, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The recombination of neutral oxygen atoms in the ground state on the oxidized nickel samples was studied experimentally in the range of pressures where the maximum density occurs in weakly ionized low-pressure oxygen plasma, i.e. between 40 and 200 Pa. The recombination coefficient was determined in the flowing afterglow. The source of oxygen atoms was plasma sustained in a quartz tube of inner diameter 4.7 mm by a microwave discharge in the surfatron mode. The recombination coefficient was determined in the afterglow chamber, which was a Pyrex tube with an inner diameter of 36 mm. The density of oxygen atoms in the afterglow chamber was varied by adjusting the discharge power, the gas flow, the pressure, and the position of a recombinator. Such flexibility of the experimental system enabled adjustment of the temperature of the oxidized nickel samples independently from the O-atom density in its vicinity or other parameters. The density of oxygen atoms in the afterglow chamber at various system parameters was determined by the Šorli method, which is reliable, and has an accuracy of about 20%. The recombination coefficient was determined by calorimetry. The coefficient was inversely proportional to the square root of the pressure and exponentially to the sample temperature. Systematic measurements performed at various pressures and temperatures enabled empirical formula, which were explained qualitatively by recombination kinetics.
Ključne besede: heterogenous surface recombination, recombination coefficient, nickel, nickel oxide, temperature
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.03.2024; Ogledov: 243; Prenosov: 19
Celotno besedilo (2,44 MB)
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3. A review of recombination coefficients of neutral oxygen atoms for various materialsDomen Paul, Miran Mozetič, Rok Zaplotnik, Gregor Primc, Denis Đonlagić, Alenka Vesel, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Relevant data on heterogeneous surface recombination of neutral oxygen atoms available in the scientific literature are reviewed and discussed for various materials. The coefficients are determined by placing the samples either in non-equilibrium oxygen plasma or its afterglow. The experimental methods used to determine the coefficients are examined and categorized into calorimetry, actinometry, NO titration, laser-induced fluorescence, and various other methods and their combinations. Some numerical models for recombination coefficient determination are also examined. Correlations are drawn between the experimental parameters and the reported coefficients. Different materials are examined and categorized according to reported recombination coefficients into catalytic, semi-catalytic, and inert materials. Measurements from the literature of the recombination coefficients for some materials are compiled and compared, along with the possible system pressure and material surface temperature dependence of the materials’ recombination coefficient. A large scattering of results reported by different authors is discussed, and possible explanations are provided.
Ključne besede: heterogeneous surface recombination, recombination coefficient, surface catalicity, catalytic efficiency, atom loss coefficient, oxygen, neutral atoms, plasma
Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.03.2024; Ogledov: 300; Prenosov: 20
Celotno besedilo (10,51 MB)
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4. Resonančna rentgenska spektroskopija stolpičastih tekočekristalnih faz iz molekul z ukrivljeno sredicoDomen Paul, 2018, magistrsko delo Opis: Tekoči kristali so snovi, ki imajo tudi anizotropno tekočinsko fazo. Zgrajeni so iz velikih organskih molekul anizotropnih oblik. V magistrskem delu obravnavamo tekoče kristale iz molekul z ukrivljeno sredico. Zaradi svoje oblike imajo takšne molekule permanentni električni dipol, kadar pa se zlagajo v plasti, so plasti praviloma polarizirane. Molekule z ukrivljeno sredico se učinkovito zlagajo tudi v stolpiče, ki jih tvorijo fragmenti smektičnih plasti. Med stolpičaste tekočekristalne faze iz molekul z ukrivljeno sredico uvrščamo faze B_1, nagnjeno B_1, B_1rev in nagnjeno B_1rev. Razlikujejo se po različni povprečni smeri dolgih in kratkih osi molekul. Za ločevanje med strukturami se uporablja več optičnih, električnih, termičnih in drugih metod, mi pa se omejimo na klasično in resonančno elastično rentgensko spektroskopijo. S klasično rentgensko spektroskopijo merimo razlike v porazdelitvi elektronske gostote, kar nam da sliko prostorske ureditve molekul. Klasično dopolnjuje resonančna rentgenska spektroskopija, ki je občutljiva tudi na orientiranost dolgih in kratkih osi molekul. Oblikovni faktor molekule z ukrivljeno sredico je anizotropna količina, zato ga opišemo s tenzorjem, ki je premo sorazmeren z anizotropnim delom tenzorja dielektričnosti. Izračunamo tenzorske oblikovne faktorje za pet možnih ureditev ukrivljenih molekul v nagnjeni B_1rev fazi. Iz tenzorskega oblikovnega faktorja napovemo intenziteto in polarizacijo interferenčnih vrhov v odvisnosti od polarizacije vpadnega valovanja. S primerjavo lege vrhov, ki so dovoljeni pri klasični rentgenski spektroskopiji, in lege interferenčnih vrhov pri resonančni rentgenski spektroskopiji napovemo, kateri vrhi so čisto resonančni, torej klasično prepovedani. Vrhi, ki jih napovemo pri klasični in resonančni rentgenski spektroskopiji, so lahko resonančno ojačani. S teoretičnim modelom napovemo, da je smer polarizacije linearno polariziranega valovanja, ki se resonančno sipa na vzorcu tekočega kristala iz molekul z ukrivljeno sredico, zmeraj pravokotna na smer polarizacije vpadnega valovanja. Ugotovimo, da lahko med strukturami z različnimi orientacijami molekul najdemo razlike v interferenčnih spektrih pri resonančni rentgenski spektroskopiji, zato je ta metoda ustrezna za razlikovanje med strukturami.
Ključne besede: tekoči kristali, molekule z ukrivljeno sredico, nagnjena B_1rev faza, resonančna rentgenska spektroskopija, tenzorski oblikovni faktor, polarizacija sipanega valovanja.
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.11.2018; Ogledov: 1180; Prenosov: 102
Celotno besedilo (2,46 MB) |
