1. The association between early regulatory problems and adult peer relationship quality is mediated by the brain's allostatic-interoceptive systemSaša Zorjan, Dieter Wolke, Nicole Baumann, Christian Sorg, Satja Mulej Bratec, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Early regulatory problems (RPs), i. e., problems with crying, sleeping, and/or feeding during the firstyears, increase the risk for avoidant personality traits in adulthood, associated with social withdrawal and anxiety. Even more, RPs are linked with functional alterations in the adult default mode and salience networks, comprisingthe brain’s allostatic-interoceptive system (AIS) and playing a role in social interactions. We investigated whether RPsassessed in infancy are associated with difficulties in adult peer relationships mediated by functional alterations of the AIS. Methods: As part of a large case-controlled prospective study, 42 adults with previous RPs and 70 matchedcontrols (mean age = 28.48, SD = 2.65, 51% male) underwent fMRI during rest. The analysis focused on the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of key nodes of the AIS. Peer relationship quality was assessed via a semi-structured LifeCourse Interview and the YASR scale. In these same individuals, RPs were assessed at ages 5, 20 and 56 months. Results: RPs in infancy were associated with lower-quality peer relationships and enhanced functional connectivityof the AIS nodes in adulthood, with a stronger effect for multiple and persistent RPs compared withtransient-multiple or single-persistent RPs. Importantly, iFC changes of the dorsal mid insula, a primary interoceptive cortex with frontal and temporal regions, mediated the relationship between early RPs and adult peer relationship quality. Conclusions: Results indicate long-lasting social and neural changes associated with early RPs.Our findings further implicate the AIS in both interoceptive and social processes, while indicating the need for earlyscreening of early RPs. Keywords: Regulatory problems; allostatic interoceptive system; insula; peer relationships;crying; sleeping; feeding; Bavarian Longitudinal Study.
Ključne besede: regulatory problems, allostatic interoceptive system, insula, peer relationships, crying, sleeping, feeding, Bavarian longitudinal study
Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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2. Social reappraisal of emotions is linked with the social presence effect in the default mode networkXiyao Xie, Teresa Bertram, Saša Zorjan, Marina Horvat, Christian Sorg, Satja Mulej Bratec, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction: Social reappraisal, during which one person deliberately tries to regulate another’s emotions, is a powerful cognitive form of social emotion regulation, crucial for both daily life and psychotherapy. The neural underpinnings of social reappraisal include activity in the default mode network (DMN), but it is unclear how social processes influence the DMN and thereby social reappraisal functioning. We tested whether the mere presence of a supportive social regulator had an effect on the DMN during rest, and whether this effect in the DMN was linked with social reappraisal-related neural activations and effectiveness during negative emotions.
Methods: A two-part fMRI experiment was performed, with a psychotherapist as the social regulator, involving two resting state (social, non-social) and two task-related (social reappraisal, social no-reappraisal) conditions.
Results: The psychotherapist’s presence enhanced intrinsic functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) within the anterior medial DMN, with the effect positively related to participants’ trust in psychotherapists. Secondly, the social presence-induced change in the dACC was related with (a) the social reappraisal-related activation in the bilateral dorsomedial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right temporoparietal junction and (b) social reappraisal success, with the latter relationship moderated by trust in psychotherapists.
Conclusion: Results demonstrate that a psychotherapist’s supportive presence can change anterior medial DMN’s intrinsic connectivity even in the absence of stimuli and that this DMN change during rest is linked with social reappraisal functioning during negative emotions. Data suggest that trust-dependent social presence effects on DMN states are relevant for social reappraisal—an idea important for daily-life and psychotherapy-related emotion regulation.
Ključne besede: social reappraisal, social support, social emotion regulation, social presence, default mode network, interpersonal trust, anterior cingulate
Objavljeno v DKUM: 18.04.2024; Ogledov: 357; Prenosov: 252
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3. Human threat circuits : threats of pain, aggressive conspecific, and predator elicit distinct BOLD activations in the amygdala and hypothalamusTeresa Bertram, Daniel Hoffmann Ayala, Eva Maria Huber, Felix Brandl, Georg Starke, Christian Sorg, Satja Mulej Bratec, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Threat processing, enabled by threat circuits, is supported by a remarkably conserved neural architecture across mammals. Threatening stimuli relevant for most species include the threat of being attacked by a predator or an aggressive conspecific and the threat of pain. Extensive studies in rodents have associated the threats of pain, predator attack and aggressive conspecific attack with distinct neural circuits in subregions of the amygdala, the hypothalamus and the periaqueductal gray. Bearing in mind the considerable conservation of both the anatomy of these regions and defensive behaviors across mammalian species, we hypothesized that distinct brain activity corresponding to the threats of pain, predator attack and aggressive conspecific attack would also exist in human subcortical brain regions.
Ključne besede: human, threat responses, translational neuroscience, threat conditioning, threat types, MRI, threat circuit
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.04.2024; Ogledov: 380; Prenosov: 286
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4. Common and specific large-scale brain changes in major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain : a transdiagnostic multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI studiesFelix Brandl, Benedikt Weise, Satja Mulej Bratec, Nazia Jassim, Daniel Hoffmann Ayala, Teresa Bertram, Markus Ploner, Christian Sorg, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders (ANX), and chronic pain (CP) are closely-related disorders with both high degrees of comorbidity among them and shared risk factors. Considering this multi-level overlap, but also the distinct phenotypes of the disorders, we hypothesized both common and disorder-specific changes of large-scale brain systems, which mediate neural mechanisms and impaired behavioral traits, in MDD, ANX, and CP. To identify such common and disorder-specific brain changes, we conducted a transdiagnostic, multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI-studies investigating changes of gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of large-scale intrinsic brain networks across MDD, ANX, and CP. The study was preregistered at PROSPERO (CRD42019119709). 320 studies comprising 10,931 patients and 11,135 healthy controls were included. Across disorders, common changes focused on GMV-decrease in insular and medial-prefrontal cortices, located mainly within the so-called default-mode and salience networks. Disorder-specific changes comprised hyperconnectivity between defaultmode and frontoparietal networks and hypoconnectivity between limbic and salience networks in MDD; limbic network hyperconnectivity and GMV-decrease in insular and medial-temporal cortices in ANX; and hypoconnectivity between salience and default-mode networks and GMV-increase in medial temporal lobes in CP. Common changes suggested a neural correlate for comorbidity and possibly shared neuro-behavioral chronification mechanisms. Disorder-specific changes might underlie distinct phenotypes and possibly additional disorder-specific mechanisms.
Ključne besede: human threat behaviour, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, structural MRI, functional MRI
Objavljeno v DKUM: 18.08.2023; Ogledov: 422; Prenosov: 42
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