Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: This master’s thesis systematically analyses the possible obligations and rules of public international law that must be respected when States impose sanctions without the authorisation of the United Nations Security Council or unilateral sanctions. This type of sanctions has been used throughout history and States are increasingly resorting to imposing them within international conflicts. However, they have never been regulated by any authoritative act, and the decisions of international judicial organs are scarce. In the absence of specific rules regulating the use of unilateral sanctions, this thesis focuses on the general provisions and obligations of public international law that States must respect when imposing sanction regimes against other States. One of the fundamental principles of international relations is the principle of sovereign equality of States, under which States must refrain from intervening in the domestic affairs of other States and must respect their sovereign immunity. Furthermore, States are obligated to respect treaty provisions they have consented to, one of them being the World Trade Organisation’s Marrakesh Treaty, under which States need to respect the rules enshrined General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, like most favoured nation principle. Unilateral sanctions such as freezing of assets of States and central banks, travel bans for State representatives, import and export bans and trade embargos all constitute a threat to breach these obligations of public international law. However, even if States impose unlawful unilateral sanctions, their unlawfulness may be precluded under the rules of lawful countermeasures. Inconsistent State practice, divergent opinions of various scholars and lack of codifications make all these rules and prohibitions difficult to determine. However, given the recent increase in the use of unilateral sanctions, this grey area of international law is beginning to be clarified.
Ključne besede: State sovereignty, sanctions, legal countermeasures, coercion, national matters, human rights, immunities, inviolability, security exception, most favoured nation.
Objavljeno v DKUM: 24.06.2024; Ogledov: 198; Prenosov: 45
Celotno besedilo (1,08 MB)

Opis: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a well-recognised risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS). Methods: A retrospective observational study of Lp(a) levels (mg/dL) in patients hospitalised for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in our clinical routine was performed. The Lp(a)-associated risk of hospitalisation for IHD, AVS, and concomitant IHD/AVS versus other non-ischemic CVDs (oCVD group) was assessed by means of logistic regression. Results: In total of 11,767 adult patients, the association with Lp(a) was strongest in the IHD/AVS group (eβ = 1.010, p < 0.001), followed by the IHD (eβ = 1.008, p < 0.001) and AVS group (eβ = 1.004, p < 0.001). With increasing Lp(a) levels, the risk of IHD hospitalisation was higher compared with oCVD in women across all ages and in men aged ≤75 years. The risk of AVS hospitalisation was higher only in women aged ≤75 years (eβ = 1.010 in age < 60 years, eβ = 1.005 in age 60–75 years, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The Lp(a)-associated risk was highest for concomitant IHD/AVS hospitalisations. The differential impact of sex and age was most pronounced in the AVS group with an increased risk only in women aged ≤75 years.
Ključne besede: acute myocardial infarction, aortic valve stenosis, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk, ischemic heart disease, lipoprotein(a), postmenopausal women
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.06.2024; Ogledov: 137; Prenosov: 7
Celotno besedilo (285,58 KB)
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Opis: V magistrskem delu je opisana zasnova ter prototipni razvoj glasovalnega sistema, ki omogoča oddajo glasov brez dotika udeleženca glasovanja z namenom zmanjšanja verjetnosti prenosa okužb zaradi fizičnega stika z glasovalno enoto. V nalogi je naslovljena problematika neustrezne in drage informacijske podpore odločitvenim procesom v organizacijah. Predlagana rešitev je cenovno ugodna in enostavna za realizacijo kakor tudi uporabo. Razvitih je bilo več prototipov, izdelani pa sta bili tudi dve delujoči glasovalni enoti, vzpostavljen spletni strežnik, ki je središče celotnega sistema, ter uporabniški vmesnik. Celoten sistem deluje v omrežju LAN z izmenjavo sporočil JSON v realnem času po spletnih vtičnikih (ang. websocket). Opisan je metodološki pristop ter nabor strojne in programske opreme, tj. mikrokrmilnik ESP32 in njegove specifikacije, internet stvari, kiberfizični sistemi in prototipni razvoj. Pred izdelavo glasovalne enote smo na razvitih prototipih testirali različne kombinacije načina oddaje glasu brez dotika z uporabo diode LED, fotoupornika in laserskega modula. Rezultat je izdelan prototipni sistem v omrežju LAN z dvema glasovalnima enotama, strežnikom in uporabniškim vmesnikom. Pri realizaciji je bil uporabljen mikrokrmilnik ESP32 s kontrolnim algoritmom, razvitim v jeziku C++. Ključna novost je razvita funkcija oddaje glasu odločevalca brez fizičnega dotikanja glasovalne enote. Glede na rezultate izvedenih eksperimentov s tipali svetlobe smo se odločili za kombinacijo laserskega modula kot vira ter fotoupornika kot tipala. Omenjena kombinacija predstavlja osnovo brezkontaktnega stikala. Uporabljeni so bili trije laserji, in sicer rdeče, zelene in modre barve. Ko prekinemo laserski žarek, s pomočjo mikrokrmilnika ESP32 zaznamo spremembo na analognem vhodu tipala, kar šteje kot oddan glas. Na glasovalni enoti sta bila kot indikatorja uspešno oddanega glasu uporabljena laserski modul in LED-dioda ustrezne barve. Za vodjo glasovanja je bil razvit tudi uporabniški vmesnik, s katerim vodi glasovanje in spremlja rezultate. Pri razvoju smo uporabili jezike HTML, CSS in JavaScript. Osrednji del administratorskega dela je strežnik Ubuntu, ki uporablja Node.js z razvito strežniško aplikacijo v jeziku JavaScript. Strežnik sprejema sporočila od glasovalnih enot in uporabniškega vmesnika ter omogoča kontrolo izvedbe glasovanja. Za shranjevanje rezultatov je bila uporabljena podatkovna baza Redis.
Ključne besede: internet stvari, spletna vtičnica, JSON, ESP32, glasovanje
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.06.2024; Ogledov: 133; Prenosov: 9
Celotno besedilo (2,97 MB)

Opis: After the appearance of the first smartphones in 2007 and shortly thereafter, tablets became not only useful communication tools, but also objects that function as life organisation units. However, although they are ubiquitous, their actual and potential role in biology education has not been sufficiently explored. The objectives of the survey were to investigate the recent use of smartphones in the last two grades of Slovenian comprehensive school by 14- to 15-year-old students, their satisfaction with them for educational purposes, and the perceived impact on the quality of schoolwork in biology classes. Based on the responses of 313 lower secondary school students, we can conclude that by the end of compulsory education, almost all of them have used smartphones and tablets for educational purposes to some extent, even if the reported use in different school subjects is low. Based on structural equation modelling, which examines the influence of the constructs of support, perceived usability, perceived ease of use, attitudes, and perceived pedagogical impact on the quality of smartphone-based schoolwork, it can be concluded that only perceived pedagogical impacts and perceived usability impacted quality, leading to the conclusion that additional efforts should be made to explore their full potential and the gaps that should be addressed through formal education. Leaving students to their own devices is the worst solution, resulting in a permanent lack of skills, such as the ability to select and interpret information provided through the media.
Ključne besede: attitudes, biology education, quality of schoolwork, secondary school students, smartphones, tablets
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.06.2024; Ogledov: 136; Prenosov: 8
Celotno besedilo (1,60 MB)
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Opis: Because of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, most universities were forced to choose Online Distance Learning (ODL). The study aimed to examine the response of university students to the new situation. A questionnaire was sent to the entire university student population. Based on responses from 606 students, it was revealed that use of all applications in ODL increased. However, only the use of MS Teams increased significantly, while the use of the other applications (email, Moodle, e-textbooks) increased in a range of low to medium in terms of effect sizes, and even nonsignificant for applications such as Padlet and Kahoot. Based on the replies of 414 respondents, a Model of Forced Distance Online Learning Preferences (MoFDOLP) based on Structural Equation Modeling was developed. With a chosen combination of predictors, we succeeded in predicting 95% of variance for Satisfaction, more than 50% for Continuance Preferences variance in MS Teams applications, and nearly 20% in the case of e-materials. Among hypothesized constructs, only Attitudes are a strong predictor of Satisfaction, while Organizational Support, Perceived Ease of Use and Learner Attitude toward Online Learning are not. Satisfaction is a good predictor of Continuance Preferences to use Information Technology after the lockdown ended.
Ključne besede: higher education, online distance learning, continuance preferences, COVID-19
Objavljeno v DKUM: 30.05.2024; Ogledov: 111; Prenosov: 14
Celotno besedilo (1,26 MB)
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