1. On the use of morpho-syntactic description tags in neural machine translation with small and large training corporaGregor Donaj, Mirjam Sepesy Maučec, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: With the transition to neural architectures, machine translation achieves very good quality for several resource-rich languages. However, the results are still much worse for languages
with complex morphology, especially if they are low-resource languages. This paper reports the
results of a systematic analysis of adding morphological information into neural machine translation
system training. Translation systems presented and compared in this research exploit morphological
information from corpora in different formats. Some formats join semantic and grammatical information and others separate these two types of information. Semantic information is modeled using
lemmas and grammatical information using Morpho-Syntactic Description (MSD) tags. Experiments
were performed on corpora of different sizes for the English–Slovene language pair. The conclusions
were drawn for a domain-specific translation system and for a translation system for the general
domain. With MSD tags, we improved the performance by up to 1.40 and 1.68 BLEU points in the
two translation directions. We found that systems with training corpora in different formats improve
the performance differently depending on the translation direction and corpora size.
Keywords: neural machine translation, POS tags, MSD tags, inflected language, data sparsity, corpora size
Published in DKUM: 28.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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2. Are health literacy and physical literacy independent concepts? A gender-stratified analysis in medical school students from CroatiaMarijana Geets Kesic, Mia Perić, Barbara Gilić, Marko Manojlovic, Patrik Drid, Toni Modric, Željka Znidaric, Nataša Zenić, Aleksander Pajtler, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Health literacy (HL) and physical literacy (PL) are concepts responsible for achieving and
maintaining positive health behaviors. This study aimed to investigate gender-specific associations:
(i) between PL and HL; and (ii) among HL, PL, and body composition. We observed 253 students
attending health-area high schools from southern Croatia (181 girls; 16.9 ± 1.4 years). HL was
assessed by the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, PL by the PLAYself questionnaire,
and body composition by bioimpedance analysis. The t-test was used to assess the differences
between genders, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the associations
between variables. The results showed a similar level of HL (t-test = 0.2; p = 0.83) and PL (t-test = 0.01;
p = 0.99) in boys and girls. Significant but small correlations were identified between HL and PL only
in the girls (<10% of common variance). The body composition indices were significantly correlated
with PL only in the boys (15–20% of common variance). Our research highlights the necessity of the
independent evaluation of HL and PL in adolescence. Further studies evaluating other indices of
health status in relation to PL and HL are warranted.
Keywords: health behavior, knowledge translation, public health, community-engaged research, youth, body build
Published in DKUM: 12.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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3. Translational regulation in hepatocellular carcinogenesisSuzana Bračič Tomažič, Christoph Schatz, Johannes Haybaeck, 2021, review article Abstract: The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. The carcinogenesis of HCC is among others regulated via the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and represents a possible method of targeted treatment. The aim of our article was to address the most recent clinical advances and findings of basic studies on the mTOR signaling pathway and the involved factors. Risk factors play a key role in dysregulation of the signaling pathway, where both mTORCs are upregulated and protein synthesis is altered. eIFs and, to a lesser extent, eEFs play an essential role in this process. Whether the factor will be upregulated or downregulated, among others, depends on hepatitis B/C virus infection. The amount of a particular factor in a patient sample lets us know whether HCC recurrence will occur, what is the likelihood of chemoresistance, and what outcome is predicted for patients with an increased value. Our analysis shows that in addition to mTOR, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5 play an important role, as they can serve as biomarkers for non- and virus-related HCC.
Keywords: mTOR, virus related HCC, non-virus related HCC, cancer, translation initiation, liver
Published in DKUM: 18.10.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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4. Translating Answers to Open-ended Questions in Multi-lingual Surveys. A Case Study of the Cross-national Longitudinal Study: Older Audiences in the Digital Media EnvironmentUrša Marinšek, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: This thesis looks into the process of translating answers in multi-lingual longitudinal surveys. It provides a literature review on translation in similar studies, but more importantly, through qualitative interviews with researchers involved in an international longitudinal study, it explores concrete strategies and challenges.
The Cross-National Longitudinal Study: Older Audiences in the Digital Media Environment is investigated as a case study. The main working language in the study is English and the used questionnaire includes closed- and open-ended questions. Dealing with respondents’ answers includes translating answers to English from many languages.
Researchers in this study do not pay attention to translating answers to great extent, and some think open-ended questions are not necessary in quantitative research. Those who translated answers had problems with language comprehension and cultural backgrounds. They lacked certain guidelines which would help with solving any issues. This thesis identifies the challenges that researchers face and finds possible strategies, and improvements for translations.
Keywords: meta-methodological research, translation of answers, guidelines for translation in quantitative research, longitudinal studies
Published in DKUM: 03.09.2024; Views: 55; Downloads: 12
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5. Safety culture in the operating room : translation, validation of the safety attitudes questionnaire - operating room versionTeodor Pevec, Tit Albreht, Eva Turk, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Measuring the safety culture in Healthcare is an important step in improving patient safety. One of the most commonly used instruments to measure the safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of the current study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Slovenian version of the SAQ for the operating room SAQ-OR. Methods: The SAQ, consisting of six dimensions, was translated and adapted to the Slovenian context and applied in operating rooms from seven out of ten Slovenian regional hospitals. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results: The sample consisted of 243 health care professionals who hold positions in the OR, divided into 4 distinct professional classes, namely, 76 surgeons (31%), 15 anesthesiologists (6%), 140 nurses (58%) and 12 auxiliary persons (5%). It was observed a very good Cronbach's alpha (0.77 to 0.88). The CFA and its goodness-of-fit indices (CFI 0.912, TLI 0.900, RMSE 0.056, SRMR 0.056) showed an acceptable model fit. There are 28 items in the final model. Conclusions: The Slovenian version of the SAQ-OR revealed good psychometric properties for studying the organisational safety culture.
Keywords: operating room, safety attitudes questionnare, safety culture, translation
Published in DKUM: 13.03.2024; Views: 324; Downloads: 24
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6. Reduction of Neural Machine Translation Failures by Incorporating Statistical Machine TranslationJani Dugonik, Mirjam Sepesy Maučec, Domen Verber, Janez Brest, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid machine translation (HMT) system that improves the quality of neural machine translation (NMT) by incorporating statistical machine translation (SMT). Therefore, two NMT systems and two SMT systems were built for the Slovenian-English language pair, each for translation in one direction. We used a multilingual language model to embed the source sentence and translations into the same vector space. From each vector, we extracted features based on the distances and similarities calculated between the source sentence and the NMT translation, and between the source sentence and the SMT translation. To select the best possible translation, we used several well-known classifiers to predict which translation system generated a better translation of the source sentence. The proposed method of combining SMT and NMT in the hybrid system is novel. Our framework is language-independent and can be applied to other languages supported by the multilingual language model. Our experiment involved empirical applications. We compared the performance of the classifiers, and the results demonstrate that our proposed HMT system achieved notable improvements in the BLEU score, with an increase of 1.5 points and 10.9 points for both translation directions, respectively.
Keywords: neural machine translation, statistical machine translation, sentence embedding, similarity, classification, hybrid machine translation
Published in DKUM: 20.02.2024; Views: 322; Downloads: 34
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7. Beiträge zur deutschen und slowenischen Phraseologie und ParömiologieVida Jesenšek, 2021, scientific monograph Abstract: The monograph consists of three parts. Twelve contributions presented on several aspects of German and Slovenian phraseology represent a selection of authors phraseological studies, mostly related to the language contrastive (German-Slovene) research topic. Part I deals with typical aspects of proverbs from the perspective of system-related research. This is followed by contributions on the lexicographical and translational problems of phraseology (Part II). The volume ends with reflections on appropriate treatment of phraseology in the learning and teaching contexts (Part III). German as the primary language of observation plays an important role in all the contributions because its status as an influential language in Slovenia is increasingly challenged. It is worth mentioning that in the past, German used to exert much greater historical, cultural, and linguistic influence on the Slovenian society. By combining different research perspectives and linguistic contrastive approaches, the volume intends to appeal to linguists as well as practising translators and language teachers.
Keywords: phraseology, paremiology, German, Slovene, contrastive linguistics, translation, language‑didactics
Published in DKUM: 21.12.2023; Views: 524; Downloads: 58
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8. Bilingualism in Slovenian Istria : Studies and Issues in Its PreservationMojca Kompara Lukančič, Nives Lenassi, Sandro Paolucci, 2023 Abstract: The volume starts with an overview chapter of studies on bilingualism and bilingual individuals in general, and the particular aspects and characteristics of bilingualism in Slovenian Istria. It continues with three chapters focusing on Italian in the bilingual area of the Slovenian coast. The second chapter presents surveys on the position of bilingualism, the influence of Italian media, the results of the secondary school leaving exams in Italian, and the status of bilingualism in Slovenian schools in the bilingual Littoral communities. The third chapter offers an analysis of texts and documents translated from Slovenian into Italian; that is, bilingual texts available on the websites of the four bilingual municipalities: Koper, Izola, Piran, and Ankaran. The final chapter presents some detailed aspects of studies carried out on administrative texts of the bilingual municipalities, focusing on selected lexical units and acronyms, and offering translation solutions that guarantee and preserve minority rights and offer uniform terminology.
Keywords: the Italian language, bilingualism, terminology, translation, Slovenian Istria
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2023; Views: 522; Downloads: 86
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9. Cosmic Fairy TalesRok Vilčnik, 2023 Abstract: The English translation of Rok Vilčnik's marvelously ethereal Cosmic Fairy Tales is the result of almost a decade of collaboration between the author, translation and English language students and their professor at the University of Maribor’s Department of Translation Studies, mature translators, English language professors, editors, and revisers. The book includes translations of 50 fairy tales by the acclaimed Slovenian writer, poet, and playwright Rok Vilčnik, aka rokgre, written between 1989 and 2020 and accompanied by the author's original illustrations.
Keywords: literary translation, student translation, didactic translation, fiction, fairy tales
Published in DKUM: 31.01.2023; Views: 490; Downloads: 28
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10. The adventures of Tom Sawyer - a comparison of Slovenian translations on examples of mentions of religion and the church : magistrsko deloKaja Babić, 2022, master's thesis Abstract: Translating does not simply consist of replacing words in the source language with words in the target language, it is influenced by the person doing the translating and the public for which the translation is intended. We wanted to examine if translators and their surrounding culture influence the way literary works are translated. We compared Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its three Slovenian translations published in 1921, 1947 and 1960. We based our research on the social and political background of the periods in which the translations were made, mostly focusing on 1947 and the anti-Catholic movement in Slovenia, which was influenced by the Soviet Union. Therefore, we selected from the original text 30 passages that mention religion and the Church. In the analysis we have compared the three Slovene translations and determined that out of 30, only 10 examples exhibited a change in the meaning. One such example was found in the 1921 translation, six in the 1947 translation and four in the 1960 translation, one of the latter examples even expanded the meaning of a religious elements.
Keywords: Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain, translation, comparison, religion
Published in DKUM: 04.11.2022; Views: 826; Downloads: 58
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