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Abstract: My thesis is that Virginia Woolf subverts the conventional notion of time and in refusing to accept the chronological sequence of time, adopts Henri Bergson's time philosophy. The common ground between these two authors is analysed through their interest in human consciousness, their epistemological interest in the interaction between memory and perception, their adoption of a specific world-view and the importance of imagery in strengthening thematic content. Woolf’s treatment of philosophical concepts of time, memory and intuition indicates that she is predominately influenced by Bergson. Though not conclusive, the analysis may contribute to our understanding of Woolf’s fiction and illuminate certain aspects of Woolf's work. Using Woolf's novels To the Lighthouse and The Waves as primary texts to elucidate the human experience of time, provides sufficient evidence to prove that Woolf’s system of ideas relies on Bergsonian time philosophy; in particular, the research aims to prove that Woolf fully adhered to his conceptualization of dualist temporality and built her fiction upon Bergsonian dualisms. In this context, we unravel the importance of unity, continuity, epiphany and intuition. These concepts are used to explore the unified experience of time and hold the key to temporal illumination, for in illuminating transience, Woolf also illuminates the manner of transcending it. Thus, she creates a viewpoint that discloses continuity and unfolds in unity. By combining apparently irreconcilable dualisms, she reveals the Bergsonian idea of the multiplicity of conscious states and surpasses the absurdity of life; in other words, this philosophy provides Woolf with a key to answering the existential question of the meaning of life.
Keywords: Virginia Woolf, Henri Bergson, existentialism, modernism, To the Lighthouse, The Waves, dualisms, time, duration, multiplicity, consciousness, unity, continuity, epiphany, and intuition.
Published in DKUM: 08.01.2019; Views: 2153; Downloads: 220
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Abstract: A general analytical solution is developed for the onedimensional consolidation problem of unsaturated soil under various time-dependent loading conditions based on a differential transformation method (DTM). In particular, analytical solutions are obtained for different relationships between the coefficients in the governing equations for unsaturated soil consolidation. The Fourier series expansion technique is adopted to account for both the continuous differentiable loading and the periodic piecewise loading. A comparison between the results of the current solution and the existing theoretical solution indicates that the proposed solution yields excellent results, while it is straightforward to obtain the analytical solution of the unsaturated consolidation problems. It was also found that the variations in the coefficients in the governing equations can significantly influence the dissipation of both the excess pore-air pressure and the excess pore-water pressure, though the magnitudes of their variations are different.
Keywords: one-dimensional consolidation problem, unsaturated soil, analytical solution, time-dependent loading
Published in DKUM: 11.10.2018; Views: 1429; Downloads: 550
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Abstract: Knowledge of stress-strain rock mass behaviour is crucial for many engineering purposes. Rock mass deformations and their influences on construction are observed during construction and even during exploitation phases. These deformations in the exploitation phase are caused by the time-dependent behaviour of the rock mass. A flysch rock mass is categorised as a heterogenic weak rock that has been intensely subjected to weathering processes. Due to weathering processes, the flysch rock mass degrades from fresh rock to residual soil within only a few meters of the geological profile below the surface. Observations of reinforced cuts along the Adriatic motorway near the City of Rijeka, Croatia, were conducted over a time period of seven years of spanning construction and exploitation. Measured displacements reached significant magnitudes during the exploitation period as a consequence of the time-dependent behaviour of the rock mass. The paper presents findings related to flysch rock mass weathering profile and its characteristics based on detailed geotechnical investigations and monitoring results coupled with back analyses. It was found possible to detect the thickness of the flysch rock mass weathering profile by performing detailed geotechnical investigations. Recommendations for the strength, deformation, and creep properties of the weathering profile of a flysch rock mass are given.
Keywords: time-dependent behaviour, weathering, weak rock mass, Burger model, back analyses
Published in DKUM: 14.06.2018; Views: 1271; Downloads: 105
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Abstract: The 2,900-metre double tube tunnel of Trojane forms part of the highway section between Celje and Ljubljana and part of the highway road system connecting Lendava and Koper with adjacent roads. The construction of this section, which is of special importance for the Republic Slovenia, has been going on for almost ten years. The highway near Trojane where the tunnel is located, lies on a hilly terrain composed of Permian-carboniferous rocks, which are tectonically badly damaged in some places and marked with broad fault zones, containing tectonically remoulded soil of low strength in terms of deformability properties. Even though the amount of waters coming from the hills during the excavation of the tunnel was relatively small, this water, in combination with extremely damaged weak rock caused the increase of deformations at the construction site. Geological and geotechnical surveying with geometric monitoring and the analyses of stress and deformation changes in the surrounding rocks and support elements were critical in assessing the actual weak-rock conditions during the course of construction. Since the analyses of deformation processes, which had been modelled with PLAXIS 3D TUNNEL PROGRAM, showed great impact on permanent stability of the tunnel, special care was paid to rheological changes in the surrounding rocks and combined in-built support elements. 3D back analyses with SOFT-SOIL-CREEP (SSC) constitutive model, which takes into account rheological phenomena, were carried out. The calculations of primary and secondary stresses and deformations were made for two characteristic areas and determined on the basis of realistic geological mapping during tunnel construction. The first area represented typical rocks of the Trojane tunnel, i.e. shales and siltstone, while the second one was a tectonic zone where geological and geotechnical conditions during excavation were less favourable. The results of back analyses used provided an acceptable possibility for estimating the stress-strain variation during construction as well as an appropriate basis for analysing vertical displacements at the tunnel roof. The calculation results show good correlation with field measurements.
Keywords: tunnels, construction, permain-carboniferous rocks, geological-geotechnical conditions, tunnel support, Trojane tunnel, finite element method, costitutive models, back analyses, field mesurement, time dependent analysis
Published in DKUM: 15.05.2018; Views: 1332; Downloads: 70
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Abstract: The main subject of my master’s thesis is to discuss the topic of English tenses and their relation to time. In order to develop a clearer understanding of the topic, four tenses (the Present simple, Present Continuous, Past simple and Past continuous) that were later used for the analysis in the empirical part, and the time and tense differences were presented theoretically. All four tenses were thoroughly described and supported with examples. For the empirical part and further analysis, the following books were used: The Front by Patricia Cornwell, In the Company of the Courtesan by Sarah Dunant, and The Rule of Four by Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason. With the help of these novels, the use of tenses and their compatibility with time were analysed. Special focus was put on dramatic present. We wanted to see if the time and tense in the stories were compatible and what happened with the reader’s perception if other tenses, especially the Past simple, were used. The results have shown that all three novels are mainly written in the Present Simple regardless of the time when the story happened. Such story where dramatic present is a predominant tense is given more sense of drama and acts more vividly. For this reason, the reader is not aware of the real time of the happening. Their perception is deceptive because time and tense are not consistent.
Keywords: time, present simple, progressive tenses, past simple, dramatic present, perception of reception, sense of drama, immediacy
Published in DKUM: 06.03.2018; Views: 1517; Downloads: 117
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