1. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of different cellulose fibres monitored by tensiometryZdenka Peršin Fratnik, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Tatjana Kreže, 2002, original scientific article Abstract: Wettability and sorptivity improvements for different textile materials are the major tasks during textile finishing. In order to improve the sorption characteristics of a cellulose fabric, different pre-treatment processes are applied, usually washing, bleaching and mecerisation. Differences in the sorption properties of untreated and pretreated (washed and bleached) regenerated cellulose fibres were obtained using tensiometry and compared with the classical method for determining moisture adsorption. Results show that compared to raw fibres, viscose fibres have the highest moisture and the smallest contact angle whilst modal fibres have the biggest contact angle. Pretreatment increases the sorption abilities and makes the material more accessible to chemicals used in the finishing process. Using the conventional method, it can be confirmed that fibres with the highest moisture have the smallest contact angle (tensiometry).
Keywords: textile materials, regenerated cellulose fibres, sorption, pretreatment, tensiometry
Published in DKUM: 05.07.2017; Views: 992; Downloads: 122
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2. Microvoid system in fibresMajda Sfiligoj-Smole, Diana Gregor-Svetec, 2002, original scientific article Abstract: The macrovoid system of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(propylene) (PP) fibres was studied by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Commercial PET textile fibres were treated in different media and the influence on fibre homogeneity was followd by SAXS. PP technical fibres were manufactured on a laboratory spin-drawing device and subsequently drawn at different drawing conditions on a laboratory drawing device. The influence of drawing on the pore system was followed.
Keywords: textile industry, textile fibres, morphology, structure, investigations, SAXS, poly(ethylene terephtalate), PET, poly(propylene), PP, voids, microvoids
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2015; Views: 1177; Downloads: 93
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3. Application of spectrophotometric methods in assessing the influence of alkaline treatment on the degree of crosslinking of cotton cellulose with BTCAOlivera Šauperl, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Bojana Vončina, Majda Sfiligoj-Smole, Alenka Majcen Le Marechal, 2003, original scientific article Abstract: Polycarboxylic acids appear to be the most promising nonformaldehyde crosslinking agents to replace the traditional, mostly formaldehyde-based, compounds. The most effective among these acids is 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). In this study, a comparison was made of the crosslinking effect on mercerized and on unmercerized as well as with different BTCA mass fractions crosslinked cotton fibres using FT-IR spectroscopy, the methylene blue method and water retention determination. The main purpose of the research was to evaluate how the structural changes of mercerized cotton (transformation of cellulose I into cellulose II) influence the crosslinking of cellulose fibres.
Keywords: textile fibres, cotton fibres, cotton cellulose, mercerization, crosslinking
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 2041; Downloads: 114
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5. Topochemical modification of cotton fibres with carboxymethyl celluloseLidija Fras Zemljič, Peer Stenius, Janne Laine, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, 2008, original scientific article Abstract: The research reported in this paper demonstrates that the capacity of cotton fibres to adsorb cationic surfactants as well as the rate of the adsorption process can be increased by adsorbing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) onto the fibre surfaces; in addition, the adsorption can be restricted to the fibre surface. CMC was deposited by means of adsorption from an aqueous solution. The adsorption of N-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) from an aqueous solution onto the CMC-modified fibres was measured using UVspectrometric determination of the surfactant concentration in the solution. Adsorption onto the cotton fibres was studied in a weakly basic environment (pH 8.5) where cotton fibres are negatively charged and the CPC ion is positively charged. Modification of the fibres by adsorption of CMC introduces new carboxyl groups onto the fibre surfaces, thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of the fibres for CPC. The initial rate of adsorption of CPC increased proportionally with the amountof charge; however, this rate slowed down at high degrees of coverage onfibres with a high charge. The adsorption of cationic surfactant to the anionic surface groups was stoichiometric, with no indication of multilayer oradmicelle formation. It was evident that the acidic group content of the fibres was the primary factor determining cationic surfactant adsorption to these fibres.
Keywords: textile fibres, cotton fibres, modification, carboxymethyl cellulose, acid groups, charge increase, conductiometric titration, phenol-sulphuric acid test, practical applications
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 1883; Downloads: 103
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6. Tyrosinase-catalysed coating of wool fibres with different protein-based biomaterialsSuzana Jus, Vanja Kokol, Georg M. Gübitz, 2009, original scientific article Abstract: The potential of tyrosinases to activate tyrosine residues of wool protein fibres for cross-linking with different materials like collagen, elastin and gelatine was assessed. Natural fibres like wool offer an excellent environment for the growth of micro-organisms when the conditions like moisture, oxygen and temperature are appropriate. Coating with collagen, a very useful biomaterial with bactericidal and fungicidal properties, could be used to improve the properties of wool-based materials, especially when applied in hygienically sensitive applications like in hospitals. Tyrosinases were shown to catalyse the oxidation of tyrosine residues in wool and wool hydrolysates as model substrates, as determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Structural differences of the surface were evident from the increase of the intensity in the NH bending and stretching regions in the spectra of NIR FT Raman analysis of the enzyme treated and grafted wool fibres. The durability of the coating was also shown by using FITC-labelled collagen that was bound to the wool fibres, even after severe washing. Additionally, antimicrobial properties were successfully imparted due to the collagen grafted on the wool fibres. The functional and mechanical properties of the treated wool fibres showed no significant changes.
Keywords: textile fibres, wool, protein substrates, tyrosinase, enzymatic coupling, antimicrobial properties, coating
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 1771; Downloads: 88
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7. Flax fibres sorption properties influenced by different pretreatment processesTatjana Kreže, Severina Iskrač, Majda Sfiligoj-Smole, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Simona Strnad, Darinka Fakin, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: The sorption behavior of raw and treated flax fibers was investigated. This paper presents the effect of conventional pretreatment processes (alkaline, acid) in comparison to environment-friendly enzymatic processes on the sorption ability of flax fibers. Weight-loss, moisture sorption, water retention value and contact angle were determined in order to interpret the pretreatment results. In addition, the influence of the process on the fibers' mechanical properties was studied. The ecological parameters of the treatment wastewaters were analyzed.
Keywords: textile fibres, flax, flax fibre properties, pretreatments, sorption properties, mechanical properties, ecological parameters
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 2155; Downloads: 39
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8. Characterisation of grass fibresMajda Sfiligoj-Smole, Tatjana Kreže, Simona Strnad, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Silvo Hribernik, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: The elementary grass fibres were isolated from different grass and legumes sorts, i.e. Ryegrass (Lolium hybridum Gumpenstein), Wheat straw, Trefoil (Trifolium pratense) and Lucerne (Medicago sativa). The fibre-samples were obtained in a bio-refinery, after the liquid phase containing proteins and lactic acid was eliminated from the ensiled and green grasses, respectively. For the isolation of elementary grass fibres different processes were used. The morphological characteristics of stems and leaves of different grass species were microscopically observed. On the microscopical stem and leaves cross-section samples the quantification of fibres sclerenchyma cells was performed. The quantitative analysis was carried out in order to obtain basic quantitative data on grass fibres, such as area of the single fibre or group of fibres, diameter of a single fibre or group of fibres and distances betweenthe most distant and least distant points on the area of the fibre. Measurements were made using a Carl Zeiss software KS 300, which runs on a computer connected to the image analysis equipment consisting of a microscope and a digital camera. In addition to, geometrical and mechanical properties ofisolated fibres and fibre bundles were determined. Due to the grass history,i.e. deformations and damages caused by the treatment of grasses in the bio-refinery, maturity grade, grass or legumes type and conditions during grass growth, the plant structures vary considerable in their properties.
Keywords: textile fibres, plant fibres, grass, properties
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 1843; Downloads: 101
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9. Analysis of the oxidation of cellulose fibres by titration and XPSLidija Fras Zemljič, Leena Sisko Johansson, Peer Stenius, Janne Laine, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Volker Ribitsch, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective oxidation on the surface properties of cotton cellulose fibres. Four different methods to evaluate the accessibility, nature and content of ionisable acidic groups (charge) in the fibres were applied: potentiometric and conductometric titrations, polyelectrolyte adsorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results from this combination of methods show that two processes take place when the oxidation method is applied: elimination of low molecular mass non-cellulosic compounds and formation of new acidic groups in the cellulose chains. Which of these processes is predominating depends on oxidation time, but the first one is initially more important. Polyelectrolyte adsorption and XPS show that the surface concentration of acidic groups is considerably lower than the bulk concentration, i.e. during oxidation the content of carboxyl groups in the surface region decreases, while it increases in amorphous regions. The decrease is due to the dissolution of low molecular weight compounds; the increase is due to the formation of new acidic groups. The use of titration methods in combination with XPS appears to be a very useful tool for identification of the formation and distribution of ionic groups in cotton fibres and their surfaces.
Keywords: textile fibres, cotton fibres, cellulose fibres, oxidation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS, acid groups in fibres
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 2198; Downloads: 115
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10. Grafting of cotton with [beta]-cyclodextrin via poly(carboxylic acid)Bojana Vončina, Alenka Majcen Le Marechal, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides. Cyclodextrin molecules can form inclusion complexes with a large number of organic molecules. The properties of cyclodextrins enable them to be used in a variety of different textile applications. Cyclodextrins can act as auxiliaries in washing and dyeing processes, and they can also be fixed onto different fiber surfaces. Because of the complexing abilities of cyclodextrins, textiles with new functional properties can be prepared. Poly(carboxylic acid)s such as 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) are well-known non-formaldehyde crosslinking reagents. BTCA has four carboxylic acid groups, which can react with hydroxyl groups of cellulose and form stable ester bonds. We crosslinked -cyclodextrin molecules on hydroxyl groups of cellulose via BTCA.
Keywords: textile fibres, chemical modification, beta cyclodextrines, butane tetracarboxylic acid, BTCA, FTIR, host-guest systems, formaldehyde-free crosslinking reagents
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 1993; Downloads: 65
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