1. Charpy toughness and microstructure of vibrated weld metalBogdan Pučko, Vladimir Gliha, 2006, original scientific article Abstract: Vibration during welding can be used to obtain certain changes in mechanical properties of weld metal. Research work on the influence of vibration on the secondary microstructure of welds and hence on the Charpy toughness was performed. Vibration during welding exhibits positive effects on the microstructure constituent formation. Multipass welding was simulated with reheating of the original single pass weld in order to obtain similar microstructure to multipass welds. Microstructures were examined with an optical microscope. Additionally, fractographic examination of the rupture of Charpy specimens was performed. Changes in the microstructure according to vibration were observed which affect toughness of the weld metal. Vibration during welding was rated more effective in the case of reheating the weld metal, which is the case in multipass welding.
Keywords: welding, welded joints, mechanical properties of metals, ferrite, vibration, microstructure, toughness, notched bar testing, weld metal
Published: 31.05.2012; Views: 1441; Downloads: 69
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2. Software and equipment for remote testing of sensorsBarbara Brezovec, Vojko Matko, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: An improved approach for remote testing of elements and systems is presented in this article. To ensure high reliability of products, tests must be done in the production phase to detect possible errors in working mode. Because environmental testing involves long-term processes the possibility of remote observation and remote controlling of tests is very useful solution. The concept is to connect the testing chamber with a personal computer, create a reliable driver and control it remotely over the local network or Internet from other client. It is designed for performing tests on wide area of sensors and sensor based systems.
Keywords: sensors reliability, testing methods, remote control, virtual instruments
Published: 31.05.2012; Views: 1141; Downloads: 181
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4. Behaviour of cellular materials under impact loadingMatej Vesenjak, Zoran Ren, Andreas Öchsner, 2008, original scientific article Abstract: The paper describes experimental and computational testing of regular open-cell cellular structures behaviour under impact loading. Open-cell cellular specimens made of aluminium alloy and polymer were experimentally tested under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading in order to evaluate the failure conditions and the strain rate sensitivity. Additionally, specimens with viscous fillers have been tested to determine the increase of the energy absorption due to filler effects. The tests have shown that brittle behaviour of the cellular structure due to sudden rupture of intercellular walls observed in quasi-static and dynamic tests is reduced by introduction of viscous filler, while at the same time the energy absorption is increased. The influence of fluid filler on open-cell cellular material behaviour under impact loading was further investigated with parametric computational simulations, where fully coupled interaction between the base material and the pore filler was considered. The explicit nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA was used for this purpose. Different failure criteria were evaluated to simulate the collapsing of intercellular walls and the failure mechanism of cellular structures in general. The new computational models and presented procedures enable determination of the optimal geometric and material parameters of cellular materials with viscous fillers for individual application demands. For example, the cellular structure stiffness and impact energy absorption through controlled deformation can be easily adapted to improve the efficiency of crash absorbers.
Keywords: mechanics, porous materials, cellular materials, impact loading, mechanical testing, fluid-structure interaction, failure mechanism
Published: 31.05.2012; Views: 1017; Downloads: 47
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6. Item modeling concept based on multimedia authoringJanez Stergar, Andrija Šulić, Marko Brvar, 2008, original scientific article Abstract: In this paper a modern item design framework for computer based assessment based on Flash authoring environment will be introduced. Question design will be discussed as well as the multimedia authoring environment used for item modeling emphasized. Item type templates are a structured means of collecting and storing item information that can be used to improve the efficiency and security of the innovative item design process. Templates can modernize the item design, enhance and speed up the development process. Along with content creation, multimedia has vast potential for use in innovative testing. The introduced item design template is based on taxonomy of innovative items which have great potential for expanding the content areas and construct coverage of an assessment. The presented item design approach is based on GUI's - one for question design based on implemented item design templates and one for user interaction tracking/retrieval. The concept of user interfaces based on Flash technology will be discussed as well as implementation of the innovative approach of the item design forms with multimedia authoring. Also an innovative method for user interaction storage/retrieval based on PHP extending Flash capabilities in the proposed framework will be introduced.
Keywords: computer testing, computer based assessment, multimedia authoring, inovative item design, GUI, MySQL, e-training
Published: 31.05.2012; Views: 1160; Downloads: 23
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9. Microcrack initiation and growth in heat-risistant 15Kh2MFA steel under cyclic loadingP. Yasniy, V.B. Hlado, V. Hutsaylyuk, Tomaž Vuherer, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents the results of investigation of a nuclear reactor pressurevessel steel 15Kh2MFA of two strength levels under cyclic loading. Themechanism of microcrack formation on the surface and in the bulk of 15Kh2MFA steel under cyclic deformation was investigated. Analysis of the specimen surfaces has shown that microcracks are caused by cyclic sliding in grains most favourably oriented with respect to the direction of the maximum shear stresses. Transmission electron microscope investigations show that microcracks in the material inside the grains are formed mainly along the band-type dislocation structure parallel to the dislocation subboundary. During cyclic deformation, the dislocation density on the subboundaries increases, in the local areas the dislocation density becomes limiting and it reaches the plasticity limit and causes microcrack formation. The interrelation of the average length of microcracks and their surface density with the energy density of inelastic deformation has been found.
Keywords: material testing, nuclear reactor, pressure vessel, cyclic loading, cyclic deformation, dislocation structure, fatigue crack growth, TEM, fracture mechanics
Published: 01.06.2012; Views: 1009; Downloads: 18
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10. Assessment of the load-bearing capacity of a primary pipelineNenad Gubeljak, Jelena Vojvodič-Tuma, Borivoj Šuštaršič, Jožef Predan, Maks Oblak, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: High-alloyed Cr-Ni-based two-phase stainless steel (SS) cast alloys are commonly used in nuclear power plants. The mechanical equipment in these facilities can contribute to a reduction in its resistance to stable crack growth as a result of extended operating times and high temperatures. The toughness of these materials strongly depends on their delta (▫$/delta$▫) ferrite content, which spinodally decomposes into two phases with different ratios of Cr and Ni at a relatively low (slightly above 300 °C) temperature. This temperature is similar to the operating temperature of the vital parts, for example, the coolant system. The formation of two phases with the same crystalstructure but different lattice parameters causes internal elastic stresses that result in a hardness increase and an impact-toughness decrease. The result is an increased risk of crack formation in the stress-concentration zones such as the critical regions of different welded joints (e.g. "L, T, K and X" shapes). The values of the critical stress intensity factor change according to its position along the crack contour. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the influence of the materials' changes on the crack extension and the decrease of the primary pipeline's bearing capacity by taking account of the increased temperature and time of operation for the given loading conditions. The SINTAP (European Structural Integrity Assessment Procedure) was used for this assessment.
Keywords: welding, welded joints, pipelines, fracture toughness testing, structure integrity assessment procedure
Published: 01.06.2012; Views: 1041; Downloads: 53
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