1. Supplemental role of fodder tree legumes in dwarf sheep and goats feeding systems:a reviewOladapo Ayokunle Fasae, Felicia Temitope Adelusi, 2024, review article Abstract: The potential of fodder tree legumes (FTL) as a promising and nutritional strategy to minimize the problem of insufficient supply of forages, especially during the dry season, in West African dwarf sheep and goats’ production systems was reviewed. For more sustainable agricultural systems, including expanding the use of locally produced available feedstuffs, FTL species with a focus on Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, and Enterolobium cyclocarpum represent an interesting strategy to provide dietary nitrogen and improve feed digestibility, weight gain, and nitrogen retention, thus enhancing dwarf sheep and goats’ productivity. They also contain concentrations of biologically active compounds with nutraceutical value that assist in slowing down the infections with parasitic nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract and mitigating enteric methane emissions from these animals. The dietary crude protein and tannin content ranged from 16.20 to 26.79% and 0.95 to 2.92%, respectively across the FTL species. Mean weight gain (g/day) of 43.23 to 48.59 and 32.46 to 40.87, respectively were reviewed for dwarf sheep and goats fed FTL supplementary diets. Haematological and serum biochemical variables monitored were within the permissible range for healthy animals and showed the adequacy of nutrient supply from FTL species with nutrient utilization to improve productivity. The review concluded that the combination of excellent nutritive value reported for FTL provides important opportunities for sustainable dwarf sheep and goat feeding systems.
Keywords: sheep, goats, performance, tree legumes, tannins, anthelminthic, methane mitigation
Published in DKUM: 23.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. Growth performance, meat quality, and fecal microbial population in limousin bulls supplemented with hydrolyzable tanninsAndrej Mergeduš, Marjan Janžekovič, Dejan Škorjanc, Tadeja Kraner Šumenjak, Maksimiljan Brus, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of hydrolyzable tannins (HT) from sweet chestnut wood extract (Castanea sativa Mill.) to the diet of Limousin bulls on growth rate, carcass and meat quality traits, and fecal Clostridia strain levels in a 7-month feeding trial. Thirty-two bulls were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (CON (without addition of HT); TAN 1 (1 g HT kg−1 DM); TAN 2 (1.5 g HT kg−1 DM); and TAN 3 (1.5 g HT kg−1 DM with a nominally lower dose of concentrate). Compared with the CON group, supplementation with HT significantly (p < 0.050) increased bull growth rate during 4–7 months, whereas carcass and meat quality traits were unaffected during the last three months of fattening. Supplementation of HT significantly reduced meat drip loss (p = 0.000) compared with the CON group. No effects were observed on the total number of fecal Clostridia strains; however, the concentration of Clostridium perfringens was significantly lower (p = 0.004) in TAN 1 than that in the CON group. The results obtained in fattening bulls indicate that the addition of HT is justified in practice to improve growth performance and feed efficiency without adverse effects on the carcass and meat quality.
Keywords: carcass characteristic, chestnut tannins, fecal Clostridia, growth performance, Limousin bulls, meat quality
Published in DKUM: 12.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 13
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3. Ellagitannin content in extracts of the chestnut wood aesculusTaja Žitek Makoter, Maša Knez Marevci, Željko Knez, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: antioxidant activity, chestnut wood, conventional extraction, extraction, fractionation, polyphenols, tannins, ultrasound extraction
Published in DKUM: 05.09.2024; Views: 70; Downloads: 25
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4. The Influence of Chestnut Extract and Its Components on Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureusSara Štumpf Horvat, Gregor Hostnik, Tomaž Langerholc, Maša Pintarič, Zala Kolenc, Urban Bren, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Increasing antimicrobial resistance has caused a great interest in natural products as alternatives or potentiators of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to isolate individual tannins from crude chestnut extract as well as to determine the influence of both crude extracts (tannic acid extract, chestnut extract) and individual pure tannins (gallic acid, vescalin, vescalagin, castalin, castalagin) on the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Their antibacterial activity was monitored by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as well as the duration of the lag phase, growth rate and generation time. The effect of growth medium strength on the MIC of different tannins was also investigated. Bacterial growth was followed spectrophotometrically, and MIC values were determined by the microdilution method. The MIC values of various isolated compounds allowed us to determine the bioactive compounds and their contribution to antimicrobial activity. It was found that MIC values increase with increasing growth medium strength and that the lag phase lengthens with increasing tannin concentrations, while the growth rates decrease. Comparing the results of the two studies, the antimicrobial activity of tannins against S. aureus was not as pronounced as in the case of E. coli, which may indicate that a different mechanism of action is responsible for the antimicrobial effects of tannins on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria, or that a different mechanism is more pronounced.
Keywords: tannins, antibacterial activity, MIC, MBC, Staphylococcus aureus, lag phase, generation time
Published in DKUM: 20.02.2024; Views: 363; Downloads: 82
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5. Salivary gland adaptation to dietary inclusion of hydrolysable tannins in boarsMaša Mavri, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, Gregor Fazarinc, Martin Škrlep, Catrin Rutland, Božidar Potočnik, Nina Batorek Lukač, Valentina Kubale, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The ingestion of hydrolysable tannins as a potential nutrient to reduce boar odor in entire males results in the significant enlargement of parotid glands (parotidomegaly). The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of different levels of hydrolysable tannins in the diet of fattening boars (n = 24) on salivary gland morphology and proline-rich protein (PRP) expression at the histological level. Four treatment groups of pigs (n = 6 per group) were fed either a control (T0) or experimental diet, where the T0 diet was supplemented with 1% (T1), 2% (T2), or 3% (T3) of the hydrolysable tannin-rich extract Farmatan®. After slaughter, the parotid and mandibular glands of the experimental pigs were harvested and dissected for staining using Goldner’s Trichrome method, and immunohistochemical studies with antibodies against PRPs. Morphometric analysis was performed on microtome sections of both salivary glands, to measure the acinar area, the lobular area, the area of the secretory ductal cells, and the sizes of glandular cells and their nuclei. Histological assessment revealed that significant parotidomegaly was only present in the T3 group, based on the presence of larger glandular lobules, acinar areas, and their higher nucleus to cytoplasm ratio. The immunohistochemical method, supported by color intensity measurements, indicated significant increases in basic PRPs (PRB2) in the T3 and acidic PRPs (PRH1/2) in the T1 groups. Tannin upplementation did not affect the histo-morphological properties of the mandibular gland. This study confirms that pigs can adapt to a tannin-rich diet by making structural changes in their parotid salivary gland, indicating its higher functional activity.
Keywords: pigs, dietary supplements, tannins, parotid gland, mandibular gland, immunohistochemistry, histology, proline-rich proteins (PRP), swine
Published in DKUM: 07.07.2023; Views: 506; Downloads: 192
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7. Aerobic digester design for the biodegradation of plant tannins in industrial wastewaterMarko Tramšek, Andreja Goršek, 2008, original scientific article Abstract: This paper describes aerobic digester design for the biodegradation of plant tannins in industrial wastewater. For optimal design, using the criterion of minimal total holding time, some experimental investigations into tannins' biodegradation rate in industrial wastewater were performed in the first part of this research. The chemical oxygen demand method (COD) was applied to follow the tannins degradation rate. The kinetic parameters of a supposed Aiba's inhibition kinetic model were determined using experimental data. In the second part of the study, equations for determining the optimal volumes of two in series connected aerobic digesters were established. Furthermore, a comparison is presented of volumes between one and two in series connected aerobic digester systems regarding wastewater volume flow rate, qV = 120 m3 d-1 and wastewater treatment efficiency, COD = 9 8%.
Keywords: digester design, plant tannins, Aiba's inhibition kinetic model, aerobic digestion, industrial wastewater
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2012; Views: 2113; Downloads: 68
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8. The aerobic biodegradation kinetics of plant tannins in industrial wastewaterMarko Tramšek, Andreja Goršek, Peter Glavič, 2006, original scientific article Abstract: This paper describes an experimental determination of the biodegradation rate for tannins present in industrial wastewater, after the extraction of chestnut chips. Experiments were performed in a laboratory aerobic reactor (Armfield) by using biomass from an existing industrial wastewater treatment plant. The outlet tannins concentration was determined under various processing conditions. Simultaneously, an optical microscope was used to monitor the mix of microbiological cultures in the biomass. On the basis of data obtained in experiments, non-linear regression was used to perform parametric analysis of various kinetic models, which took into account inhibition, as quoted in literature (Haldane, Edwards, Aiba, Luong). The statistical analysis, based on the P-criterion, F-criterion, adjusted coefficient of determination, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and root mean squared error, showed that the biodegradation of plant tannins in industrial wastewater under selected conditions for aerobic digestion, can be most successfully described statistically by the Aiba's kinetic model.
Keywords: plant tannins, susbtrate inhibition, kinetic models, statistic analysis, aerobic industrial wastewater digestion
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2012; Views: 1996; Downloads: 52
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