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1.
Analysis of safety inspections on pedestrian crossings from the road lighting point of view : master's thesis
Matea Šepoval, 2020, master's thesis

Abstract: In this master's thesis we will analyse traffic safety at pedestrian crossings from the lighting point of view. The focus of the work will be on Croatia and Slovenia. Accidents at pedestrian crossings are the most common forms of accidents involving pedestrians, and although these countries are equal members of the European Union, their attitude towards road users may be different. Road accidents are one of the main indicators of road safety in every country and, based on statistics, suggestions for improvement will be made. By analysing the type of pedestrian crossings and the types of street lighting, we will identify and show their weaknesses. We will first present an analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians for certain periods for Slovenia and Croatia. This analysis is an indicator of actual traffic conditions related to pedestrian safety and non-motorized traffic. The statistical data presented in this master’s thesis were obtained from the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia and the website of the Public Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Road Safety, which is available with a large amount of data and analyses of traffic safety on a daily basis. Slovenian regulations clearly show the types and methods of designing pedestrian crossings, while Croatia lags behind in the details and explanations of the elements. In the end, an example of a comparison of pedestrian crossing lighting in the Republic of Croatia and Slovenia at locations in Bjelovar and Maribor will be presented. I will compare the brightness of pedestrian crossings and give an analysis of current traffic safety. Finally, solutions to improve the situation will be offered.
Keywords: traffic safety, pedestrian road crossing, traffic accident, traffic lighting
Published in DKUM: 01.10.2020; Views: 1161; Downloads: 112
.pdf Full text (1,50 MB)

2.
Road traffic safety in conjunction with in-vehicle ITS
Darja Topolšek, Suzana Hribar, Marjan Sternad, 2014, original scientific article

Abstract: Interest in Intelligent Transportation Systems comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion, road accidents and air pollution. Traffic congestion continues to grow worldwide as a result of increased motorization, population growth, changes in population density and urbanization. Interest in ITS can also be attributed to reducing road accidents and increasing traffic safety. The most common causes for road accidents are excessive speed, inattentive driving and ignorance of the right-of-way rules. To eliminate these causes, experience, knowledge of traffic regulations and a new car are not enough % vehicle safety systems have to take part as well. Therefore, the European Union issued a directive on the installation of intelligent systems, whose functions are active support during driving, warning the driver in dangerous situations and alerting passengers of the car in case of irregularities in motor function or actions carried out by the driver that may cause danger, such as swerving while falling asleep. These systems help drivers to avoid accidents, and in the event of a collision, an emergency call is automatically made. Furthermore, they can be used to regulate traffic patterns or to reduce engine performance, which would reduce pollution. With these benefits in mind, the EU has indicated to the automotive industry that installation of these new Intelligent Transportation Systems should be mandatory in their new vehicles.
Keywords: traffic, road traffic, road safety, road accidents, intelligent systems, directives, regulations
Published in DKUM: 17.07.2017; Views: 2332; Downloads: 218
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3.
Traffic safety of older drivers in various types of road intersections
Tomaž Tollazzi, Marko Renčelj, Vlasta Rodošek, Borut Zalar, 2010, review article

Abstract: In industrialized countries people over 50 years of age represent a rapidly growing part of population. Their lifestyle is also becoming more active, which means that the percentage of older drivers in the population of all drivers is also increasing. Many different studies have shown that elderly drivers are more frequently involved in specific types of accidents, especially at intersections. In the past 15 years there was a trend of increasing popularity of roundabouts in Slovenia. Their introduction was generally supported by the arguments of increased traffic-flow capacity and traffic safety as well. The studies on which these arguments are based were performed with an “ideal” type of driver in mind; the one that fully understands new rules and reacts correctly in all situations that may occur at such intersections, where there are no light signals to guide them. An elderly person does not necessarily conform to that ideal and if the percentage of elderly drivers became significant, the premises of the above mentioned studies may not be correct anymore which in turn implies that their results could also be questioned. The present study concentrated on the evaluation of traffic safety of elderly drivers, at various types of intersection, from their own perspective. Various statistical analyses of obtained data were performed. The most important finding was that we may claim, with high degree of probability, that the average person of the age of over 60 feels more unsafe at double-lane roundabouts than they would feel had the same intersection been equipped with traffic lights. Elderly traffic participants will always cause more accidents or participate in them due to hazardous factors. Challenge, arising from many different studies and researches, is in studying what measures and solutions can reduce the risk for elderly participants.
Keywords: traffic safety, road intersections, roundabouts, elderly people
Published in DKUM: 06.06.2017; Views: 1692; Downloads: 457
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4.
The impact of selected individual and external factors on the occurrence of severe injuries : case study of Slovenia
Polona Tominc, Urban Šebjan, 2015, original scientific article

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the importance of different determinants and their impact on the severity of injuries of individuals in road traffic accidents, so that measures that are supposed to prevent or reduce severe injury consequences can be developed. In this paper three research models have been built. Model I was built to study the impact of demographic factors (gender and age) on the individual’s likelihood to wear a seat-belt while Model II to study the impact of demographic factors (gender and age) and the impact of wearing a seat belt on the likelihood that fatal injuries of individuals in road traffic accidents occur. Model III was formed to study the impact of several environmental factors on the likelihood that the accident involves severe or fatal injuries of road traffic accident participants. Altogether our study revealed that middle-aged individuals (over 25 years and up to 65 years old) are less likely to wear a seatbelt and at the same time more likely to suffer fatal injuries in road traffic accidents. This is the result that implies that the targeted policy measures to the population between 25 and 65 years of age are needed to reduce the fatal injuries occurrence in Slovenia.
Keywords: road traffic accidents, seat belt, behavioural determinants, binomial logistic regression
Published in DKUM: 06.06.2017; Views: 1471; Downloads: 200
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5.
System dynamic model of measures for reducing the number of road accidents due to wrong-way movement on motorways
Darja Topolšek, Martin Lipičnik, 2009, other scientific articles

Abstract: This paper provides a system dynamic model for reducing the number of motorway accidents due to wrong-way driving. Motorway accidents are often fatal due to high speeds. It is therefore necessary to carry out all the possible countermeasures in order to achieve adequate traffic management. One of the reasons for motorway accidents is driving in the wrong direction. Based on the analysis of the data on motorway accidents caused by driving in the wrong direction and based on the knowledge of individual project elements of junctions and slip roads, this paper will focus on this area. The possible countermeasures, presented here for preventing drivers from driving in the wrong direction on motorways drastically reduce the number of U-turn maneuvers that result in driving in the wrong direction and influence the level of safety on motorways. With the help of this model of system dynamics the countermeasures for reducing the number of such drivers will be confirmed and their effects will be shown.
Keywords: traffic safety, motorway, direction, road accidents, measures, system dynamics
Published in DKUM: 06.06.2017; Views: 1421; Downloads: 1614
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6.
Reduction of the roundabout capacity due to a strong stream of pedestrians and/or cyclists
Tomaž Tollazzi, 1999, original scientific article

Abstract: Single-lane roundabouts may face the problems of getting crowded and empty in their circulatory roadway due to a strong stream of pedestrians and/or cyclists. Vehicles at the roundabout entries or exits have to provide the right of way over pedestrians and/or cyclists. Therefore, it comes to disturbances and traffic jams. If there are jams at the entry carriageway, vehicles are unable to get into roundabouts. If there are jams at the exit carriageway, vehicles are not able to leave the roundabout. When the length of vehicle platoon at the exits so long that it reaches the preceding entry, the roundabouts suffer from getting fully overcrowded. The paper presents the methodology of calculating the reduction of the roundabout capacity due to the pedestrian or cyclist stream. The method of calculating the reduction of the roundabout capacity with the disturbed streams may be used for roundabouts in urban environments, where the strength of the cyclist or pedestrian streams is not negligible.
Keywords: road traffic, roundabouts, roundabout capacity, traffic throughput, bicyclists, pedestrians
Published in DKUM: 05.06.2017; Views: 1705; Downloads: 181
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7.
Management of traffic congestion in urban areas
Vilibald Premzl, 2000, review article

Abstract: The use of road vehicles is increasing, the benefits they afford have been progressively diminished by external costs. Whereas traffic increases as we approach the centre, the road and open space decreases. The greater specialisation allows the city growth in size and in traffic attraction. In this way urban growth feeds itself. Inter-urban transport facilities also become more extensive. Growth in size of the city generates greater amounts of traffic and can eventually give rise to agglomeration diseconomies. Higher transport costs, offices and shops, attracted by the accessibility of central locations, gradually replace residential uses, people being forced to seek housing in the suburbs. As the urban area expands and offices in the city centre are built denser and higher, traffic congestion increases. This may result in the fall in central land values, since accessibility diminishes with the saturation of transport network. Increased pollution takes various forms as noise, smoke and overcrowded housing in the centre, urban decay in the transitional zone as commercial development is anticipated.
Keywords: road traffic, urban traffic, city growth, traffic congestion
Published in DKUM: 02.06.2017; Views: 1497; Downloads: 216
.pdf Full text (1,96 MB)
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8.
Incorporation of duffing oscillator and Wigner-Ville distribution in traffic flow prediction
Anamarija L. Mrgole, Drago Sever, 2017, original scientific article

Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the use of various chaotic pattern recognition methods for traffic flow prediction. Traffic flow is a variable, dynamic and complex system, which is non-linear and unpredictable. The emergence of traffic flow congestion in road traffic is estimated when the traffic load on a specific section of the road in a specific time period is close to exceeding the capacity of the road infrastructure. Under certain conditions, it can be seen in concentrating chaotic traffic flow patterns. The literature review of traffic flow theory and its connection with chaotic features implies that this kind of method has great theoretical and practical value. Researched methods of identifying chaos in traffic flow have shown certain restrictions in their techniques but have suggested guidelines for improving the identification of chaotic parameters in traffic flow. The proposed new method of forecasting congestion in traffic flow uses Wigner-Ville frequency distribution. This method enables the display of a chaotic attractor without the use of reconstruction phase space.
Keywords: road traffic, congestion prediction, dynamic system, Wigner-Ville distribution, chaotic identification pattern
Published in DKUM: 02.06.2017; Views: 1395; Downloads: 400
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9.
Dimensioning of signalized intersections in realistic urban environment
Matej Dobovšek, Drago Sever, 2005, review article

Abstract: It is very complex to assure the dynamics of traffic networkin urban environment because of the intensity of traffic flowsand the limited space in the urban area. Signalized intersectionsare undoubtedly very important and frequent element inroad traffic network in urban regions, which greatly influencesthe traffic flow dynamics on each section as in the whole trafficnetwork. The time (delay) a vehicle needs to drive through anintersection directly influences the travel comfort, fuel consumption,traffic pollution and so on. There are many methodsfor dimensioning signalized intersections in the world literature.One of the most applied methods is the HIGHWAY CAPACI1YMANUAL (HCM) 2000 which is based on competentinput traffic flows and other characteristics of traffic signalregulations. The intention of this paper is to establish whetherwe can use the HCM 2000 method directly in the Slovenian realenvironment. Based on the established methodology of researchand limited number of delay measurement in real environmentintersections, there have been some deviations. Thecompletion of the level of service criterion for signalized intersectionshas been proposed, with the intention for more suitabilityestimation in the realistic environment.
Keywords: road traffic, intersections, signallization, control delay measurement, level of service
Published in DKUM: 02.06.2017; Views: 1426; Downloads: 214
.pdf Full text (2,73 MB)
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10.
Alternative possibilities for defining the length of the separate left-turn lane at the existing level intersection
Tomaž Tollazzi, 2002, review article

Abstract: The market offers various computer programs for simulating traffic flows at level intersections whose mathematical background is not known to the end users. Thus the user only enters the data without being aware of how the program works. The results obtained cannot be evaluated properly, which may lead to subjective decisions. The paper presents some simple mathematical alternatives which are used to determine the length of a left-turn lane in a level intersection.
Keywords: road traffic, roads, level intersections, lane length, left-turn lane
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2017; Views: 1634; Downloads: 189
.pdf Full text (1,21 MB)
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