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Experimental advances in nanoparticle-driven stabilization of liquid-crystalline blue phases and twist-grain boundary phases
George Cordoyiannis, Marta Lavrič, Vasileios Tzitzios, Maja Trček, Ioannis Lelidis, George Nounesis, Samo Kralj, Jan Thoen, Zdravko Kutnjak, 2021, review article

Abstract: Recent advances in experimental studies of nanoparticle-driven stabilization of chiral liquid-crystalline phases are highlighted. The stabilization is achieved via the nanoparticles’ assembly in the defect lattices of the soft liquid-crystalline hosts. This is of significant importance for understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with topological defects and for envisioned technological applications. We demonstrate that blue phases are stabilized and twist-grain boundary phases are induced by dispersing surface-functionalized CdSSe quantum dots, spherical Au nanoparticles, as well as MoS2 nanoplatelets and reduced-graphene oxide nanosheets in chiral liquid crystals. Phase diagrams are shown based on calorimetric and optical measurements. Our findings related to the role of the nanoparticle core composition, size, shape, and surface coating on the stabilization effect are presented, followed by an overview of and comparison with other related studies in the literature. Moreover, the key points of the underlying mechanisms are summarized and prospects in the field are briefly discussed.
Keywords: liquid crystals, nanoparticles, quantum dots, reduced-graphene oxide, calorimetry, microscopy, blue phases, twist-grain boundary phases, disclination lines, screw dislocations
Published in DKUM: 09.08.2024; Views: 97; Downloads: 9
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Nanomaterials and their recent applications in impedimetric biosensing
Zala Štukovnik, Regina Fuchs-Godec, Urban Bren, 2023, review article

Abstract: Impedimetric biosensors measure changes in the electrical impedance due to a biochemical process, typically the binding of a biomolecule to a bioreceptor on the sensor surface. Nanomaterials can be employed to modify the biosensor's surface to increase the surface area available for biorecognition events, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the biosensor. Various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and graphene oxide nanoparticles, have been investigated for impedimetric biosensors. These nanomaterials have yielded promising results in improving sensitivity, selectivity, and overall biosensor performance. Hence, they offer a wide range of possibilities for developing advanced biosensing platforms that can be employed in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This review focuses on the recent developments in nanoparticle-functionalized electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors.
Keywords: impedimetric biosensor, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, quantum dots
Published in DKUM: 12.02.2024; Views: 6175; Downloads: 24
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