1. Safety, security, and crime prevention in rural areas of Krasnodarskyi Krai and the Republic of AdygeaAnton Petrovskiy, 2020, review article Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the article is to study crime and crime prevention in the rural areas of Krasnodarskyi krai and the Republic of Adygea to make suggestions for how to enhance the public security system. Design/Methods/Approach: The following methods were applied to assess crime in the rural areas of the two Russian Southern regions for the period between 2015 and 2019: a statistical observation, and calculation of a crimes index analysis of law enforcement reports. Findings: In order to ensure public security of the population in rural areas it is necessary to decentralise the crime prevention system in Russia by transferring law enforcement powers to the municipal bodies, by creating municipal police and a system for the re-socialisation of former criminals. Research Limitations/Implications: Crime in the rural areas of Krasnodarskyi krai and the Republic of Adygea depends on the impact of local factors. As a result, the reasons and conditions of similar crimes in the rural areas of Central Russia might differ. Practical Implications: The results could be used by the local authorities in planning crime prevention measures and enhancing crime prevention in the rural areas of the regions under study. Originality / Value: The article is the first study of the criminological characteristics of crime in the rural areas of Krasnodarskyi krai and the Republic of Adygea since 2014, suggesting measures to boost crime prevention with regard to the contemporary socio-economic situation.
Keywords: public security, crime prevention, rural area, efficiency of police activity
Published in DKUM: 04.01.2021; Views: 893; Downloads: 41
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2. Legal analysis of public authorities of Chamber for the Development of Slovenian Private Security - de lege lata and de lege ferendaIztok Rakar, Bojan Tičar, 2015, review article Abstract: Purpose:
This paper examines the development of delegation of public authorities to the Chamber for the Development of Slovenian Private Security. Based on an evaluation of past and present experiences, the authors set guidelines for future legal regulation and administrative practice.
Design/Methods/Approach:
The research presented here is based on an analysis of legal regulation and theory of public authorities, of the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, and of the administrative inspection reports on implementation of public authorities of former Chamber of the Republic Slovenia for Private Security.
Findings:
Public authorities are institutes of Slovenian constitutional and administrative law. An analysis of sector-specific laws shows that a variety of administrative tasks is delegated to subjects of public and private law (e.g., public enterprises, chambers and individuals).
In practice, the delegation of public authorities poses several major problems: ex ante, justifications of delegation are very vague and not supported by analyses, while ex post evaluations of delegation are non-existent and supervision of the implementation of public authorities is insufficient. In practice, supervision is mainly the result of malpractice as identified by random checks or the media, and not the result of systematic activity.
The public authorities of professional chambers present a special problem. Public authorities of the former Chamber of the Republic Slovenia for Private Security pertaining to the licensing and professional supervision of members of the chamber have been withdrawn based on findings by administrative inspections.
Research Limitations / Implications:
The research is limited to Slovenia, but the findings are relevant for other “young democracies” in the region and of potential interest to Western European democracies.
Originality/Value:
The analysis addresses key problems in delegating and implementing public authorities, evaluates the results of experiences, and offers possible solutions.
Keywords: public authorities, private security, chamber, case law, constitutional court, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 16.04.2020; Views: 914; Downloads: 42
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3. Local governments as providers of public order : the case of EstoniaEro Liivik, 2017, review article Abstract: Purpose:
This paper deals with the legal regulation of Estonia’s public order from the aspect of local governments. The purpose of the article is to analyse relevant Estonian legislation to help identify problems and make suggestions for improvement. Proposals are intended for the institutions involved in developing legislation in Estonia. Local governments in the country act according to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1992), but still retain enough legal autonomy to decide on local affairs independently of the state government.
Methods:
The paper is based on an analysis of national legislation. In the legal research, the author pays attention to written sources of law, e.g. the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1992), and subsequent legal acts regulating public order.
Findings:
The main task of local government is to provide public services and improve the quality of the living environment. In Estonia, the principal provider of internal security is the Police and Border Guard Board. It is the responsibility of local government to assist the national structures in fulfilling their duties. On the other hand, the municipalities are required to ensure public order within their territories. The legal power given by parliament to local governments to carry out such activities is insufficient to ensure the law is enforced.
Practical Implications:
The findings in this paper highlight areas in which the legal regulation could be improved.
Originality/Value:
Although the legal basis for Estonian municipalities’ operations has been studied carefully, it is necessary to examine issues concerning the links between local governments and public order in detail. The continually changing legislation makes the situation complex to handle. It also provides an opportunity for international comparative analysis with other European Union member states.
Keywords: local government, internal security, public order, policing, Estonia
Published in DKUM: 15.04.2020; Views: 1135; Downloads: 48
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4. Tax compliance and social security contributions : the case of SloveniaTomaž Lešnik, Davorin Kračun, Timotej Jagrič, 2014, original scientific article Abstract: In this paper, we will examine the causes behind the higher level of compliance with social security contributions in comparison with other tax categories in the case of Slovenia. The results of econometric models suggest that the activities of the Tax Administration of the Republic of Slovenia, which were more stringently performed in the area of social security contributions in the most recent period, are an important - but not the only factor - behind the higher level of compliance in connection with social security contributions. At the same time, the decrease in tax compliance with other taxes (income tax, corporate income tax, and VAT) did not essentially influence the higher level of compliance with social security contributions. The more consistent treatment of unpaid social security contributions as a criminal offence and the higher public awareness about the importance of paying social security contributions in the latest period are recognized as important factors which simultaneously constitute the main difference between social security contributions and other taxes. The higher level of public awareness about the benefits that result from public services financed with taxes is recognized as a possible way to more optimally collect taxes in Slovenia.
Keywords: social security contributions, activities of the Tax Administration of the Republic of Slovenia, tax compliance, punishment, public awareness
Published in DKUM: 14.07.2017; Views: 1806; Downloads: 92
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5. Crime prevention through public-private cooperation within the security system of Republic of MacedoniaSaše Gerasimoski, 2013, review article Abstract: Purpose:
This article examines the contribution of public-private cooperation in crime prevention within the security system of Macedonia in the last 10 years.
Design/Methods/Approach:
Secondary data analysis on information obtained from the Ministry of Interior and private security entities as well as content analysis of available resources to estimate the importance of the crime prevention.
Findings:
In general, the contribution of the public-private cooperation to crime prevention within the contemporary security system of the Republic of Macedonia is seen more as potential than as reality, owing to the present level of co-existence between public and private security sector. Although the crime prevention advantages of the cooperation between them are recognized within both sectors, it is certain that only joint activities within securing the public events and transportation of money, documents and other valuables are functioning so far.
Research limitations / implications:
Considering the fact that secondary data are being used, employing primary data for analysis in the future will probably strengthen the findings obtained with this research and reveal new relations.
Originality/Value:
Though there are several studies related to private security in the Republic of Macedonia, there is a lack of studies concerning public-private cooperation within the security system, let alone their relationship to crime prevention. We see this study as a pivotal contribution to efforts to highlight this crucial dimension of their mutual relation nowadays and in the future.
Keywords: crime, prevention, public-private cooperation, security systems, Republic of Macedonia kriminaliteta, preprečevanje, javno-zasebno partnerstvo, varnostni sistemi, Makedonija
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2015; Views: 1153; Downloads: 67
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7. E-everything: e-commerce, e-government, e-household, e-democracy : conference proceedings2001 Keywords: electronic commerce, CD-ROM, computer diskette, compact disc, government, administration, budgets, democration, computer application, users, electronic money, electronic payments, security, data analysis, information system, information science, business, commerce, models, advertising, Internet, computer networks, electronic mail, services, media, public services, regional policy, cases, retail trade
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 1989; Downloads: 35
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8. E-everything: e-commerce, e-government, e-household, e-democracy : proceedings2001, proceedings Keywords: electronic commerce, government, administration, budgets, democration, computer application, users, electronic money, electronic payments, security, data analysis, information system, information science, business, commerce, models, advertising, Internet, computer networks, electronic mail, services, media, public services, regional policy, cases, retail trade
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 2350; Downloads: 57
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