1. Proprietary varieties’ influence on economics and competitiveness in land use within the hop industryDouglas MacKinnon, Martin Pavlovič, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: To evaluate changes to hop industry concentration and competitiveness the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was used. The ownership of hop proprietary varieties, their acreage and production were compared with public varieties. Market share for each proprietary hop variety acreage and production was calculated between 2000 and 2020. The quantity of land under centralized control in the U.S. hop industry due to increased proprietary variety acreage between 2000 and 2020 was quantified. Assuming tacit collusion between the participants in the oligopoly, the HHI enabled us to quantify the portion of land under oligopoly control. The HHI analysis of hop acreage and hop production demonstrated that market concentration rose rapidly between the years 2010 (0.0376 and 0.0729) and 2020 (0.4927 and 0.5394). This resulted in decreasing business competitiveness within the market during this period caused primarily by rapid consolidation of ownership during increased proprietary variety acreage and production increases. Calculations revealed that in 2016 a tipping point had been reached concerning market concentration, which resulted in higher sustained season average prices of hops—a key raw material in brewing.
Keywords: hop industry, varieties, market concentration, intellectual property, prices
Published in DKUM: 21.03.2024; Views: 183; Downloads: 16
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2. Cycles of the housing market in Hungary form the economic crisis until todayLászló Harnos, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to identify the underlying reasons for the cyclical nature of the Hungarian housing market, in particular the business cycles, the construction, and market participants’ expectations. Our research was conducted based on analysis of statistical data and of the housing market indices. As a result, it can be stated that cyclic behaviour of the housing market may be explained primarily with business cycles, but state subsidies and mortgages also affect the variations. Accordingly, the increasing lending and the high amount of subsidies can generate a price bubble. The supply of second-hand dwellings looks more flexible compared with that of new ones. However, the expectations of market operators do not have a demonstrable effect on the housing market.
Keywords: property market, housing market cycles, asset price bubble
Published in DKUM: 10.10.2018; Views: 1600; Downloads: 141
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3. Introduction to copyright and collective management in competition lawJorg Sladič, 2013, original scientific article Abstract: Copyright is an absolute intellectual property right. Historically it is of territorial nature. One of the central issues of copyright is the remuneration of authors. A copyright confers to its holder a legal monopoly comprising certain economic rights that are granted for pecuniary consideration. The economically most efficient way of management of copyright's pecuniary consideration is the collective management. However, collective management covers due to territorial nature of copyright only territory of a certain state. In competition law that might be considered as a monopoly by collecting societies limited to borders of states, in other words there are issues of a possible abuse of a dominant position.
Keywords: copyright, common law, droit d'auteur, civil law, collective management, intellectual property rights, dominant position, abuse of a dominant position, principle of solidarity, copyright related market, search market
Published in DKUM: 01.08.2018; Views: 1300; Downloads: 327
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4. Real estate investment : a capital market approachGerald R. Brown, George A. Matysiak, 2000, higher education textbook Keywords: real estate, investments, capital market, money, cash flows, valuation, models, depreciation, mortgages, price, investors, investments funds, decision making, risk, diversification, property, portfolio, management, hedging
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 3041; Downloads: 122
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