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3. Microcellular open-porous polystyrene-based composites from emulsionsSebastjan Huš, Mitja Kolar, Peter Krajnc, 2014, original scientific article Abstract: Series of cross-linked polystyrene samples were prepared using an emulsion templating approach, where monomers were contained in the continuous phase of the emulsion, while the droplet aqueous phase induced primary pores, connected with a number of secondary pores. Emulsions with a high fraction of the droplet phase (HIPEs) were used and stabilised with a combination of a surfactant (sorbitan monooleate) and various types of particles (charcoal powder, copper powder and carbon nanopowder). The morphology of the resulting porous polymer depends on the type and amount of the particles added to the emulsion; however, in all the cases open-cellular morphology was formed. The size of the primary pores (cavities) ranged from 5 µm to 25 µm, while the size of the secondary interconnecting pores was from 1 µm to 5 µm. The materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption.
Keywords: polyHIPE, porous polymers, nanocomposites, porosity, polystyrene
Published in DKUM: 16.03.2017; Views: 2117; Downloads: 148
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4. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-2-ethylhexyl)acrilate membranes with interconnected macroporous structureUrška Sevšek, Silvo Seifried, Črtomir Stropnik, Irena Pulko, Peter Krajnc, 2011, original scientific article Abstract: A combination of doctor blading and emulsion templating was used to prepare macroporous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-2-ethylhexylacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) membranes with an interconnected porous structure. Water in oil high internal phase emulsions including monomers in the oil phase were cast onto a glass plate and polymerised at elevated temperature. After purification porous polyHIPE membranes were obtained. The volume ratio of aqueous phase (75 % or 85 %) and the molar ratio of divinylbenzene (2 % or 4 %) were varied, while the addition of chlorobenzene to the oil phase influenced the viscosity of the emulsions. A comonomer, 2-ethylhexylacrylate substantially improved the flexibility of the membranes. All yielding membranes were characterized by measuring their cast thicknesses and flow densities for deionised water. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological features of the membranes.
Keywords: membrane, porous polymers, polyHIPE, emulsions
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2015; Views: 2524; Downloads: 173
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5. Oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions for porous monolithic polymersPeter Krajnc, Dejan Štefanec, 2005, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: Porous monolithic polymers are objects of many studies recently due to their wide applicability. Especially in separation methods use of monoliths is growing. Usually, porous monoliths are prepared by bulk polymerisation with the use of porogenic solvents. An alternative way of preparation is to polymerise the continuous phase of an emulsion. When the volume fraction of the internal phase exceeds 74%, the emulsion is called a HIPE (high internal phase emulsion), and a polymer derived from it, a PolyHIPE. PolyHIPEs of styrene, vinylbenzyl chloride and acrylate chemistry have been prepared from awater in oil emulsion system, where monomers are dissolved in the organic phase. We describe the reversed procedure, an oil in water high internal phaseemulsion, where monomers are water soluble. Porous polymers based on acrylic acid and crosslinked with methylenebisacrylamide were prepared by using a high internal phase emulsion with toluene as the oil phase. The influence of initiator and surfactant on the morphology was studied.
Keywords: organic chemistry, porous monolith polymers, polymer supports, preparation, emulsion polymerization, HIPE
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 3498; Downloads: 91
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6. Highly porous open-cellular monoliths from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate based high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) : preparation and void size tuningSebastijan Kovačič, Dejan Štefanec, Peter Krajnc, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: Preparation of highly porous (up to 80% pore volume) open-cellular monolithic cross-linked polymers from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate is reported. Oil-in-water and water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions are applied as porosity templates, resulting in an interconnected porous structure with void diameters between 550 nm and 18 m. Significantly larger voids were obtained inthe case of oil-in-water emulsions (between 5 and 18 m) as opposed to water in oil emulsions (approx 600 nm). Controlled coarsening exploiting limited kinetical stability of emulsions was used to obtain monoliths with larger voids, diameters being enlarged 3-fold.
Keywords: organic chemistry, polymerization, monolithic polymers, HIPE, emulsions, porous materials, methacrylates
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2012; Views: 2636; Downloads: 77
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