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1.
‘Free-market capitalism’ and democracy in the period of democratic recession : investigating the relationship in 141 countries, 2006–2017
Tibor Rutar, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Since the mid-2000s, democratization has slowed, stopped, and even reversed across the world. At the same time, societies have become more oriented toward free markets as measured by indexes of economic freedom. Relying on a panel sample of 141 developed and developing countries between 2006 and 2017, this paper is the first to investigate whether the two phenomena are related by employing economic freedom data. It finds that there is no net-negative relationship between aggregate economic freedom and democracy in this time-period. Instead, mixed findings of both an overall positive and overall neutral (but not negative) association are uncovered in between-country and within-country analyses, respectively. In between-country analyses, using the disaggregated index shows that the legal system/property rights component drives most of the positive relationship between aggregate economic freedom and democracy in the developed world. The same between-country analyses in the developing world show that freedom of international trade is positively associated with democracy, while modest regulation has a negative relationship. However, additionally controlling for omitted variable bias using country-fixed effects, the paper does not find evidence for either a positive or negative relationship between subsequent changes in levels of economic freedom and democracy.
Keywords: democratic recession, democracy, economic freedom, neoliberalism, free-market capitalism
Published in DKUM: 13.03.2024; Views: 332; Downloads: 35
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2.
Neoliberal metaphor as a quasi-economic paradigm in function of vulgarized institutional monism and an experiment of interest
Veselin Drašković, 2014, scientific monograph

Abstract: We live in a time that according neoliberalism (as an ideology, doctrine, philosophy, theory and metaphor) in global and local boundaries manifests itself as an immoral, inhumane, brutal, chaotic, crisis and hegemonic system (order) of power, governance, violence, exploitation and greed. This is the time when everything is relativized, thanks to neoliberalism, paradoxically and ironically, due to interests and rhetorical absolutism of freedom and market. The reason for writing this manuscript is not just analysis, explanation and critique of neoliberalism and its forms, but also the cause of its evolution towards vulgarized quasi-neoliberal model. The aim of this manuscript is to point out: - neoliberal causes of the permanent and crisis transition, which caused major problems and deformities, and created a new dogma with uncertain lifetime, - inadequate civilizational environment, etatistic tradition and the creation of a quasi-institutional conditions that have enabled the introduction of new elitist (to a certain extent and sense of totalitarian) system under the mask of neoliberalism, - the fact that forcing of quasi-neoliberalism is a privilege of unreasonable and/or highly interest oriented “reformists”, because delaying changes means delaying development, - the difference between rhetoric and practice, ie. between the story of liberal democracy (which promotes the rights of individuals, human and social freedoms and human rights, as opposed to collectivism, totalitarianism and authoritarian policies) and quasi-neoliberal economic policies (global and transitional), that were dominant worldwide and paradoxically violates all liberal principles, and e) the use of state as a screen for expressing expansive nomenclature interests and non-market appropriation of its significant resources. The aim is to point to the existence and functioning of the vicious circle of crisis (global and transitional), created by the following relation: theoretical neoliberalism as an institutional monism – its vulgarization, dogmatisation and subjectivity in practice – through manifestation of freedom of operation and connectivity of supranational and national elites – tycoonisation and the criminalization of the economy and society – reproduction of the crisis. This article is not written to point out the culprits or their recognition, but only the phenomenological and ontological critique of quasi-institutional monism and advocating the institutional pluralism, which I believe is civilizational and development imperative. For the purpose of warning, this manuscript suggests a critical review and consideration of ending (eliminating) the abuse of neoliberal theoretical concepts into practical interest purposes, ending a deadly, sophisticated and dogmatic neoliberal metaphor for numerous national and state troubles and anti-developmental contradictions. I came to the conclusion that neoliberalism is merely a metaphor that conceptually generates a conglomerated complex and contradictory context, which has its own doctrinal, terminological, institutional, developmental, cognitive, strategic, interest, redistributive, ownership, civilizational, geopolitical and ideological meaning and numerous practical quasi-manifestations.
Keywords: neoliberalism, quasi-neoliberal model, crisis, quasi-institutional monism, institutional pluralism, economic theory
Published in DKUM: 08.05.2018; Views: 1228; Downloads: 102
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