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Abstract: Background: The estimates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence across various studies are significantly variable, contributing to uncertainty in ADHD prevalence estimation. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have attributed this variability primarily to the methodological characteristics of the studies, including the diagnostic criteria, source of information, and impairment requirement for the diagnosis. Methods: Review identified studies reporting ADHD prevalence in representative samples of children and adults in Europe and worldwide. Studies that were conducted in the general population were included. We focused on studies that report ADHD prevalence based on clinical diagnosis (clinical diagnostic criteria based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases criteria, other diagnostic tools, such as various scales or interviews based on clinical diagnostic criteria). PubMed/Medline was searched to identify relevant articles published until 2024/2/01. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020200220) and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: In total, 117 studies were subjected to full evaluation. In the meta-analysis, 103 studies representing 159 independent datapoints were included. The overall prevalence of ADHD in register studies was 1.6%, 95% CI [0.9; 3.0], in survey studies 5.0%, 95% CI [2.9; 8.6], in one-stage clinical studies 4.2%, 95% CI [2.9; 6.0], and in two-stage clinical studies 4.8%, 95% CI [4.0; 5.8]. Conclusions: Exact comparisons among studies with different diagnostic criteria and types of sampling can impact prevalence estimates. When comparing data from methodologically different studies, these factors need to be considered.
Keywords: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epidemiology, prevalence, systematic review, meta-analysis
Published in DKUM: 18.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 26
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Abstract: The aim of the Master’s thesis was to evaluate the current and potential applications of virtual reality technology in chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as to evaluate the use of virtual reality for educational purposes. First, we made an overview of the numerous applications of the virtual reality technology with a specific focus on its current use in the chemistry and chemical engineering fields, including research and educational environments as well as industrial applications. It was found that the use of virtual reality technology is growing in all areas, with training, remote collaboration, and interactive learning being the most prominent fields. To assess the effectiveness of virtual reality as an educational tool, we performed a study with second year students of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering programs at the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor. Students were divided into two groups, one undertaking a training on the proper use of fume hoods in virtual reality and the other group performing the same training in a real chemical laboratory. Students from both groups took a knowledge evaluation test and a personal experience survey after the training. The test results have shown that virtual reality can be just as effective or potentially even more effective than conventional training in the chemical laboratory. The average score of the virtual reality group was 2.5% higher than that of the group performing conventional training in a chemical laboratory, although we did not confirm a statistically significant difference between the scores. We also prepared a personal experience survey to evaluate the students’ personal experience and interest in using virtual reality as an educational tool. It was observed that there is a lot of enthusiasm from the students for the use of virtual reality technology and that the group performing the training in virtual reality reported a significantly better subjective experience scores, and due to fewer reported distractions remained more focused on the training content compared to the group that underwent the training in a real chemical laboratory. The results of the Master’s thesis suggest that virtual reality presents an effective alternative to traditional live training methods. Future research should be conducted with larger groups focusing especially on the long-term retention of the acquired knowledge and on the application in real-world scenarios, such as laboratory exercises, device training, and safety procedures training, to fully reveal the potential of virtual reality for educational purposes.
Keywords: virtual reality technology, Meta Quest, correct use of fume hoods in virtual reality, correct use of fume hoods in a chemical laboratory, R programming language
Published in DKUM: 20.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 0

Abstract: Probiotics are known for their positive effects on the gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that the infant gut and skin colonization have a role in the development of the immune system, which may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. This systematic review focused on evaluating the effect of single-strain probiotic lactobacilli consumption on treating children's atopic dermatitis. Seventeen randomized placebo-controlled trials with the primary outcome of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index were included in the systematic review. Clinical trials using single-strain lactobacilli were included. The search was conducted until October 2022 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane library and manual searches. The Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analyses and sub meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Due to different methods of reporting the SCORAD index, only 14 clinical trials with 1124 children were included in the meta-analysis (574 in the single-strain probiotic lactobacilli group and 550 in the placebo group) and showed that single-strain probiotic lactobacilli statistically significantly reduced the SCORAD index compared to the placebo in children with atopic dermatitis (mean difference [MD]: -4.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.50 to -1.49; Z = 2.93; p = 0.003; heterogeneity I-2 = 90%). The subgroup meta-analysis showed that strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum were significantly more effective than strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. A longer treatment time and younger treatment age statistically significantly reduced symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis shows that certain single-strain probiotic lactobacilli are more successful than others in reducing atopic dermatitis severity in children. Therefore, careful consideration to strain selection, treatment time and the age of the treated patients are important factors in enhancing the effectiveness of reducing atopic dermatitis in children when choosing probiotic single-strain lactobacilli.
Keywords: probiotics, lactobacilli, atopic dermatitis, children, meta-analysis, systematic review
Published in DKUM: 16.02.2024; Views: 409; Downloads: 44
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Abstract: V diplomskem delu se osredotočamo na oblikovanje in razvoj obraznega filtra obogatene resničnosti za socialno omrežje Instagram, ki uporabnika ozavešča in uči izvajanja stisov prsnega koša in dajanja umetnih vpihov pri nenadnem srčnem zastoju. Poleg samega razvoja filtra smo v diplomski nalogi tudi preučili uporabnost in učinkovitost takšnih filtrov v praksi, da bi bolje razumeli njihov vpliv in potencial pri izobraževanju temeljnih postopkov oživljanja odrasle osebe. Rezultati so pokazali, da obstaja splošno zanimanje za uporabo obogatene resničnosti pri izobraževanju o kardiopulmonalnem oživljanju, vendar bi lahko ideja o obraznem filtru za izobraževalne namene koristila nadaljnjim izboljšavam in širšim raziskavam.
Keywords: obogatena resničnost, temeljni postopki oživljanja, obrazni filter, Meta Spark, učenje
Published in DKUM: 13.10.2023; Views: 392; Downloads: 27
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Abstract: V letu 2020 smo na Fakulteti za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede Univerze v Mariboru pripravili poskus, v katerem smo ugotavljali vpliv dodanih citokininov (meta-topolin in BAP) in njihovih koncentracij na rast in razraščanje poganjkov ter na pojav vitrifi-kacije sliv v tkivni kulturi. Uporabili smo predhodno sterilizirane in vitro poganjke sliv. Pripravili smo 4 različna gojišča. Gojišče G0 je bilo kontrolno gojišče (brez doda-nih rastnih hormonov), gojišče G1 z dodatkom 0,01 mg/l NAA in 1,00 mg/l meta-topolina, gojišče G2 z dodatkom 0,01 mg/l NAA in 0,50 mg/l BAP in gojišče G3, ki smo mu dodali 0,01 mg/l NAA in 1,00 mg/l BAP. Ugotovili smo, da dodani citokinini pozi-tivno vplivajo na prirast mase sliv in število novih poganjkov. Največji povprečni pri-rast mase sliv je bil pri gojišču G2 (1,54 g), najmanjši pa pri kontrolnem gojišču G0 (0,13 g). Največje povprečno število poganjkov je bilo na gojišču G2 (5,37). Pri 5-odstotni stopnji tveganja ni bilo ugotovljenih statistično značilnih razlik glede vpliva koncentracije dodanih citokininov na prirast mase sliv in število poganjkov pri po-sameznem gojišču. Pojav vitrifikacije ni bil prisoten pri nobenem obravnavanju.
Keywords: sliva, mikropropagacija, citokinini, meta-topolin, BAP
Published in DKUM: 17.06.2021; Views: 1054; Downloads: 130
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