1. The effect of supplementing pig diet with chestnut wood extract or hops on fresh meat and dry-cured productsUrška Tomažin, Martin Škrlep, Maja Prevolnik Povše, Nina Batorek Lukač, Danijel Karolyi, Matjaž Červek, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Oxidation is one of the major reasons for impaired quality of meat and meat products but can be prevented by the addition of antioxidants. In the present study, the effect of dietary sweet chestnut wood extract and hop cones on the quality and oxidative stability of meat and dry-cured products was investigated. Control pigs (N = 11) were fed a commercial diet (13.1 MJ metabolizable energy, 15.5% crude protein), while the other two experimental groups were supplemented with 3% of sweet chestnut wood extract (Tannin; N = 12) or 0.4% of hop cones (Hops; N = 11). The quality of meat and dry-cured products was evaluated by means of chemical composition, water holding capacity, objective color, and lipid and protein oxidation. No major effects of sweet chestnut wood extract or of hops supplementation were observed, nevertheless, some indications of improved water holding capacity could be attributed to antioxidants supplementation. The color evolution of dry-cured bellies from Tannin and Hops groups of pigs during refrigerated storage was also indicative of an improved oxidative stability.
Keywords: pig meat, meat quality, pig diet, tannin extract, hops, dry-cured products, oxidation, pigs
Published in DKUM: 23.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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2. Effect of immunocastration and housing conditions on pig carcass and meat quality traitsMartin Škrlep, Klavdija Poklukar Žnidaršič, Kevin Kress, Milka Vrecl, Gregor Fazarinc, Nina Batorek Lukač, Ulrike Weiler, Volker Stefanski, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of immunocastration and housing conditions on carcass, meat, and fat quality traits. Immunocastrates (IC, n = 48), entire (EM, n = 48), and surgical castrates (SC, n = 48) male pigs were reared under three different housing conditions. The conditions were standard (n = 36), enriched (n = 36, twice as much space as standard and additional outdoor access), or standard with repeated social mixing (n = 72). Pigs of the IC group were vaccinated at the age of 12 and 22 wk. The animals were slaughtered in four batches, balanced for sex category and housing, at the age of 27 wk reaching 124.7 ± 1.0 kg. Immunocastration led to increased fat deposition (i.e., thicker subcutaneous fat at different anatomical locations, more leaf fat, fatter belly in IC than EM, P < 0.05) but did not affect muscularity traits. As a result, EM exhibited higher and SC lower (P < 0.05) carcass leanness than IC. Fatty acids composition of either subcutaneous or intramuscular fat (IMF) agreed with general adiposity, that is, IC were intermediate between EM and SC exhibiting the lowest and highest fat saturation (P < 0.05), respectively. Compared to SC, EM exhibited higher (P < 0.05) levels of muscle oxidation and collagen content than SC, with IC taking an intermediate position in the case of the level of peroxidation and collagen content, or closer to SC as regards to oxidation of muscle proteins (i.e., carbonyl groups). Meat quality (including marbling score, cooking loss, subjective color redness, and chroma) of IC was similar to EM, and both differed (P < 0.05) from SC. However, IC and SC had less (P < 0.05) tough meat than EM, consistent with protein oxidation. The effect of housing was less evident. Mixing of pigs resulted in lower (P < 0.05) carcass weight and fatness in all sex categories with lower (P < 0.05) oleic and higher (P < 0.05) arachidonic acid in IMF of EM.
Keywords: carcass traits, entire males, housing, immunocastrates, meat quality, surgical castrates
Published in DKUM: 18.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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3. Growth performance, meat quality, and fecal microbial population in limousin bulls supplemented with hydrolyzable tanninsAndrej Mergeduš, Marjan Janžekovič, Dejan Škorjanc, Tadeja Kraner Šumenjak, Maksimiljan Brus, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of hydrolyzable tannins (HT) from sweet chestnut wood extract (Castanea sativa Mill.) to the diet of Limousin bulls on growth rate, carcass and meat quality traits, and fecal Clostridia strain levels in a 7-month feeding trial. Thirty-two bulls were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (CON (without addition of HT); TAN 1 (1 g HT kg−1 DM); TAN 2 (1.5 g HT kg−1 DM); and TAN 3 (1.5 g HT kg−1 DM with a nominally lower dose of concentrate). Compared with the CON group, supplementation with HT significantly (p < 0.050) increased bull growth rate during 4–7 months, whereas carcass and meat quality traits were unaffected during the last three months of fattening. Supplementation of HT significantly reduced meat drip loss (p = 0.000) compared with the CON group. No effects were observed on the total number of fecal Clostridia strains; however, the concentration of Clostridium perfringens was significantly lower (p = 0.004) in TAN 1 than that in the CON group. The results obtained in fattening bulls indicate that the addition of HT is justified in practice to improve growth performance and feed efficiency without adverse effects on the carcass and meat quality.
Keywords: carcass characteristic, chestnut tannins, fecal Clostridia, growth performance, Limousin bulls, meat quality
Published in DKUM: 12.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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4. Effect of immunocastration on performance of Slovenian pig fattenersMartin Škrlep, Nina Batorek Lukač, Blaž Šegula, Marta Zajec, Stane Košorok, Marija Glavač-Vnuk, Valentina Kubale, Gregor Fazarinc, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, 2011, original scientific article Abstract: The influence of the immunocastration (immunisation against GnRH) on pig performance (growth, carcass and meat quality traits) was investigated in two parallel experiments (on two farms) with two crossbreeds – G1 (50% Duroc) and G2 (50% Pietrain). Within the crossbreed, the pigs were assigned to three experimental groups; entire males (EM, n=49), immunocastrates (IC, n=45) and surgical castrates (SC, n=45). Those assigned to IC group were vaccinated at the age of 12 and 19 weeks. Pigs were individually housed, their feed intake (ad libitum) and weight (at 12, 19 and 24 weeks) were recorded. At the age of 24 weeks, the pigs were slaughtered and their carcass and meat quality traits were assessed. We hypothesized that treatment response could have been different in two crossbreeds. However the interaction was insignificant, thus the treatment effect is presented on pooled results for both crossbreeds. Until the revaccination, IC were similar to EM pigs, thereafter they exhibited an increase in feed intake and growth rate. Overall, they presented an advantage in growth rate and feed efficiency as compared to SC. They also exhibited better carcass properties as SC without any major effect on meat quality. The present study provides the initial information on the immunocastration effect in Slovenian herds that should further be supported by testing it in usual rearing conditions and group housing.
Keywords: pig, immunocastration, growth performance, carcass properties, meat quality
Published in DKUM: 24.08.2017; Views: 1983; Downloads: 106
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5. Poultry meat in the production of meat productsCiril Varga, Vladimir Strelec, Marko Volk, 2000, published professional conference contribution Abstract: The authors had studied the possibility of the use of various types of poultrymeat, factors which could have and adverse impact upon the microbiological quality of the raw material, which technology of meat products production and quality of products.
Keywords: poultry meat, quality, technology, quality of products
Published in DKUM: 20.07.2017; Views: 1694; Downloads: 130
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6. Carcass and meat quality traits of pig fatteners from Slovenian breeding programmeMaja Prevolnik Povše, Martin Škrlep, Dejan Škorjanc, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, 2008, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: The aim of the present study was the comparison of carcass and meat quality traits of commercial pigs of various crossbreeds from two major Slovenian herds. The analysis is based on phenotypic data from field trials which have been collected in the last past five years within the Slovenian breeding programme. Important differences in carcass traits were observed between two herds and were associated to different crossbreeds used. In spite of that economically important result on the slaughter line (lean meat %) was similar for both herds. Meat quality traits were also significantly different between the two herds. Again, the difference could be ascribed to crossbreeds used. However, since the herd effect is connected with abattoir effect, different ante-mortem conditions and/or lower robustness of these animals to premortal stress could also be contributed to the observed differences. The presented results give important information on the state-of-the-art regarding meat quality of Slovenian pigs.
Keywords: pigs, carcass quality, meat, breeding programs, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 13.07.2017; Views: 2785; Downloads: 112
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7. Energy metabolism, growth performance, body composition, meat quality and boar taint compounds in immunocastrated pigsNina Batorek Lukač, 2015, doctoral dissertation Abstract: In recent years, immunocastration, a vaccination against gonadotropin releasing hormone, has been proposed as an alternative to surgical castration of intact male pigs without anaesthesia. However, the effects of immunocastration on metabolic changes, nutritional requirements and growth potential have not been quantified. Thus in the present thesis, the meta-analytical approach was used to quantitatively synthesize the effects of immunocastration and four studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of quantitative and qualitative feed restriction on growth performance, heat production and energy metabolism, carcass and meat quality. Results show that boar taint compounds are dramatically reduced in immunocastrates, still they remain slightly higher than in surgical castrates. Immunocastrates are less feed efficient, fatter but grow more rapidly and may have better meat quality than entire males. Compared to surgical castrates, immunocastrates have superior performance with no difference in meat quality. It is more economical to fatten immunocastrates than surgical castrates, but production costs and carcass quality are less favourable than in entire males because of the huge increase in voluntary feed intake during the weeks preceding slaughter. Applying quantitative feed restriction after active immunization did not significantly affect growth performance or carcass composition; however, restrictively fed immunocastrates were closer to entire males, whereas ad libitum fed immunocastrates were closer to surgical castrates. Meat quality is also unchanged by the restriction. However, higher incidence of carcass lesions in restricted immunocastrates together with higher plasma cortisol level indicates more aggression prior to slaughter and can be considered as a negative aspect of the quantitative restriction. Total heat production, assumed to be the major factor contributing to the differences in feed efficiency of pigs, is changed after the immunocastration. Additional energy retained due to higher feed intake is directed towards lipid deposition. Increased fatness of immunocastrates is a result of increased daily lipid deposition caused by higher energy intake, lower fasting heat production and improved energy retention. Hence, dietary energy intake should be limited after immunocastration. Moreover, according to the results of the nitrogen balance study, dietary crude protein content could also be decreased. By reducing net energy concentration of the diet up to 10 % using higher fibre content, similar energy efficiency (gain to net energy intake ratio) may be achieved, with an advantage in terms of reduced lipid deposition, and no effect on growth rate after effective immunization. This is particularly important when immunocastrated pigs are fattened to higher body weights, i.e. when longer delays between full immunization and slaughter are practiced.
Keywords: pig, immunocastration, growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, heat production, lipid metabolism, fat deposition, feed restriction
Published in DKUM: 27.07.2015; Views: 2916; Downloads: 315
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