1. Perspective chapter: recognition of activities of daily living for elderly people in the era of digital healthMirjam Sepesy Maučec, Gregor Donaj, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: People around the world are living longer. The question arises of how to help
elderly people to live longer independently and feel safe in their homes. Activity of
Daily Living (ADL) recognition systems automatically recognize the daily activities of
residents in smart homes. Automated monitoring of the daily routine of older individuals, detecting behavior patterns, and identifying deviations can help to identify
the need for assistance. Such systems must ensure the confidentiality, privacy, and
autonomy of residents. In this chapter, we review research and development in the
field of ADL recognition. Breakthrough advancements have been evident in recent
years with advances in sensor technology, the Internet of Things (IoT), machine
learning, and artificial intelligence. We examine the main steps in the development of
an ADL recognition system, introduce metrics for system evaluation, and present the
latest trends in knowledge transfer and detection of behavior changes. The literature
overview shows that deep learning approaches currently provide promising results.
Such systems will soon mature for more diverse practical uses as transfer learning
enables their fast deployment in new environments.
Keywords: digital health, elderly, activities of daily living, recognition of activities, sensors, machine learning
Published in DKUM: 15.01.2026; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. Statistical methods for analysing logistics dataSanja Bojić, Kristijan Brglez, Maja Fošner, Roman Gumzej, Rebeka Kovačič Lukman, Benjamin Marcen, Marinko Maslarić, Boško Matović, Dejan Mirčetić, 2025, reviewed university, higher education or higher vocational education textbook Keywords: statistics, logistics, supply chains, demand forecasting, simulation modeling, regression analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning
Published in DKUM: 19.12.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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3. Cheminformatic analysis of protein surfaces provides binding site insights andinforms identification strategiesAndrej Milisavljević, Jure Pražnikar, Urban Bren, Marko Jukič, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Aims: Understanding protein–ligand binding site behavior is central to structure-based drug design. Weanalyzed amino acid composition and interactions in protein–ligand small-molecule binding sites anddeveloped a novel method for binding site prediction.Materials and methods: We analyzed the PDBBind+ database, which contains the largest protein–ligand binding site dataset known to us, using existing cheminformatics packages and in-house code.We used the resulting data to train a binding site prediction model.Results: Within solvent-accessible binding regions, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, methionine,and glycine, were enriched. Interaction analysis revealed hydrophobic contacts as the most frequent,followed by hydrogen bonds, water-bridged hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, π–π, π–cation, and occa-sional halogen interactions. We introduced the amino acid binding site enrichment index (ABSE), tosupport small-molecule binding site detection, and developed a model that discriminates binding sitesequences from protein surface patches with 0.91 accuracy.Conclusions: This work offers interpretable composition–interaction relationships and practical tool forbinding site characterization. To facilitate application, we provide a free, open-source, fast, bindingsiteidentification tool (AABS), available at https://gitlab.com/Jukic/aabs. We anticipate that these findingsand tool will advance binding site prediction and accelerate computationally intensive drug discoverywithin medicinal chemistry.
Keywords: protein surface analysis, small-molecule binding site detection, machine learning, cheminformatics, amino acidindex, binding site, mall-molecule–protein interactions, in-silico drug design
Published in DKUM: 08.12.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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4. Predicting relative density of pure magnesium parts produced by laser powder bed fusion using XGBoostKristijan Šket, Snehashis Pal, Janez Gotlih, Mirko Ficko, Igor Drstvenšek, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: In this work, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), an additive manufacturing (AM) process, was optimised to produce pure magnesium components. The focus of the presented work is on the prediction of the relative product density using the machine learning model XGBoost to improve the production process and thus the usability of the material for practical use. Experimental tests with different parameters, laser power, scanning speed and layer thickness, and fixed parameters, track overlapping and hatching distance, were analysed and resulted in relative material densities between 89.29% and 99.975%. The XGBoost model showed high predictive power, achieving an R2 test result of 0.835, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.728 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.982. Feature importance analysis showed that the interaction of laser power and scanning speed had the largest influence on the predictions at 35.9%, followed by laser power × layer thickness at 29.0%. The individual contributions were laser power (11.8%), scanning speed (10.7%), scanning speed × layer thickness (9.0%) and layer thickness (3.6%). These results provide a data-based method for LPBF parameter settings that improve manufacturing efficiency and component performance in the aerospace, automotive and biomedical industries and identify optimal parameter regions for a high density, serving as a pre-optimisation stage.
Keywords: additive manufacturing, machine learning, XG Boost, magnesium, relative density
Published in DKUM: 03.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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5. A machine vision approach to assessing steel properties through spark imagingGoran Munđar, Miha Kovačič, Uroš Župerl, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Accurate and efficient evaluation of steel properties is crucial for modern manufacturing. This study presents a novel approach that combines spark imaging and deep learning to predict carbon content in steel. By capturing and analyzing sparks generated during grinding, the method offers a fast and cost-effective alternative to conventional testing. Using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the proposed models demonstrate high reliability and adaptability across different steel types. Among the tested architectures, MobileNet-v2 achieved the best performance, balancing accuracy and computational efficiency. The findings highlight the potential of machine vision and artificial intelligence in non-destructive steel analysis, providing rapid and precise insights for industrial applications.
Keywords: carbon content prediction, convolutional neural networks, deep learning, machine vision, spark imaging, steel analysis
Published in DKUM: 03.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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6. Automated speech analysis in depressive disorder: enhancing diagnosis and monitoring : magistrsko deloAljaž Neuberg, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: This paper investigates the automatic recognition of depression by integrating acoustic, linguistic and emotional features extracted from clinical interviews in the DAIC-WOZ dataset. A total of six classical machine learning classifiers such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, SVM, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost and XGBoost were systematically evaluated under different class balancing methods (such as SMOTE, SMOTETomek and Random Undersampling) and feature selection strategies. The best model, a decision tree classifier with SMOTE-based balancing and a feature selection technique, achieved a weighted F1 score and accuracy of 0.78 with only eight selected features. These features included all three modalities, demonstrating the
added benefit of a multimodal approach. The results suggest that even relatively simple models, when supported by careful preprocessing and dimensionality reduction, can provide accurate and interpretable predictions. This work emphasizes the importance of feature engineering and balancing techniques in clinical machine learning tasks and lays the foundation for future research on scalable and explainable depression detection systems.
Keywords: Depression, Classification, Machine Learning, Data Balancing, Feature Selection
Published in DKUM: 03.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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7. Artificial intelligence-based approaches for advance care planning : a scoping reviewUmut Arioz, Matthew John Allsop, William D. Goodman, Suzanne Timmons, Kseniya Simbirtseva, Izidor Mlakar, Grega Močnik, 2025, review article Abstract: Background Advance Care Planning (ACP) empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their future healthcare. However, barriers including time constraints and a lack of clarity on professional responsibilities for ACP hinder its implementation. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) could potentially optimise elements of ACP in practice by, for example, identifying patients for whom ACP may be relevant and aiding ACP-related decision-making. However, it is unclear how applications of AI for ACP are currently being used in the delivery of palliative care. Objectives To explore the use of AI models for ACP, identifying key features that influence model performance, transparency of data used, source code availability, and generalizability. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic databases (Scopus and Web of Science (WoS)) and seven preprint servers were searched to identify published research articles and conference papers in English, German and French for the last 10Â years’ records. Our search strategy was based on terms for ACP and artificial intelligence models (including machine learning). The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results Included studies (N = 41) predominantly used retrospective cohort designs and real-world electronic health record data. Most studies (n = 39) focused on identifying individuals who might benefit from ACP, while fewer studies addressed initiating ACP discussions (n = 10) or documenting and sharing ACP information (n = 8). Among AI and machine learning models, logistic regression was the most frequent analytical method (n = 15). Most models (n = 28) demonstrated good to very good performance. However, concerns remain regarding data and code availability, as many studies lacked transparency and reproducibility (n = 17 and n = 36, respectively). Conclusion Most studies report models with promising results for predicting patient outcomes and supporting decision-making, but significant challenges remain, particularly regarding data and code availability. Future research should prioritize transparency and open-source code to facilitate rigorous evaluation. There is scope to explore novel AI-based approaches to ACP, including to support processes surrounding the review and updating of ACP information.
Keywords: advance care planning, digital tools, palliative care, artificial intelligence, machine learning
Published in DKUM: 29.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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8. Recommender system for computer components : master's thesisAljaž Herzog, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: This thesis explores the implementation of a personalized and accurate recommender system for computer components, addressing key challenges within the e-commerce sector. A full-stack solution was developed, featuring a React-based frontend, a Flask backend, and a MongoDB database. The system integrates and evaluates four distinct recommendation algorithms: a basic model, Content-Based Filtering (CBF), Collaborative Filtering (CF), and a hybrid approach. Evaluation metrics revealed that CBF provided the highest accuracy among the individual methods. The hybrid system's performance matched that of the CBF model, primarily due to insufficient user interaction data limiting the effectiveness of the CF component. This outcome underscores the critical need for comprehensive datasets to fully leverage the power of collaborative and hybrid recommendation systems.
Keywords: recommender system, computer components, hybrid recommender system, machine learning
Published in DKUM: 23.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 16
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9. Machine learning in antiviral drug designAnja Kolarič, Marko Jukič, Urban Bren, 2026, review article Abstract: Viral infections pose a significant health threat worldwide. Due to the high mutation rates of many viruses and their reliance on host cellular machinery, the development of effective antiviral therapies is particularly difficult. As a result, only a limited number of antiviral agents is currently available. In parallel to modern vaccines, traditional antiviral drug development is both time-consuming and costly, underscoring the need for faster, more efficient approaches. In recent years, particularly since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, machine learning (ML) together with broader artificial intelligence (AI), have emerged as powerful methodologies for drug discovery and offer the potential to accelerate the identification and development of antiviral agents. This review examines the application of ML in the early stages of antiviral drug discovery, with a particular focus on recent studies where ML methods have successfully identified hit compounds with experimentally demonstrated activity in biological assays. By highlighting these successful case studies, the review illustrates the growing impact of ML in advancing the discovery of urgently needed novel antivirals.
Keywords: machine learning, artificial intelligence, antiviral compounds, biological activity
Published in DKUM: 17.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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10. What can artificial intelligence do for soil health in agriculture?Stefan Schweng, Luca Bernardini, Katharina Keiblinger, Peter Kaul, Iztok Fister, Niko Lukač, Javier Del Ser, Andreas Holzinger, 2025, review article Abstract: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into soil research presents significant opportunities to advance the understanding, management, and conservation of soil ecosystems. This paper reviews the diverse applications of AI in soil health assessment, predictive modeling of soil properties, and the development of pedotransfer functions within the context of agriculture, emphasizing AI’s advantages over traditional analytical methods. We identify soil organic matter decline, compaction, and biodiversity loss as the most frequently addressed forms of soil degradation. Strong trends include the creation of digital soil maps, particularly for soil organic carbon and chemical properties using remote sensing or easily measurable proxies, as well as the development of decision support systems for crop rotation planning and IoT-based monitoring of soil health and crop performance. While random forest models dominate, support vector machines and neural networks are also widely applied for soil parameter modeling. Our analysis of datasets reveals clear regional biases, with tropical, arid, mild continental, and polar tundra climates remaining underrepresented despite their agricultural relevance. We also highlight gaps in predictor–response combinations for soil property modeling, pointing to promising research avenues such as estimating heavy metal content from soil mineral nitrogen content, microbial biomass, or earthworm abundance. Finally, we provide practical guidelines on data preparation, feature extraction, and model selection. Overall, this study synthesizes recent advances, identifies methodological limitations, and outlines a roadmap for future research, underscoring AI’s transformative potential in soil science.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, machine learning, agriculture, soil health, soil parameter modeling, regional data bias
Published in DKUM: 17.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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