1. Climate change-related displacement and the determination of refugee status under the 1951 Refugee ConventionElijah Sriroshan Sritharan, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Climate change and climate-driven migration are two of the defining challenges of the twenty-first century, and there is no legal framework for protecting those displaced across national borders for climate-related reasons. The 1951 Refugee Convention hardly applies to human mobility in the context of climate change. This paper was written in the hopes of initiating a discussion concerning an alternative perspective through which persons fleeing natural disasters linked to climate change may satisfy the eligibility conditions for recognition of refugee status. Expanding the definition of refugee as defined in the Convention by including the notion of vulnerability to climate disasters that are caused by the underlying socio-economic conditions in the claimant’s home country and the role of discrimination in causing differential exposure to the climate-related disasters in legal definitions might open the door for the availability of refugee status for persons fleeing in the context of climate change. This paper proposes the adoption of a reformed human rights-based interpretation, particularly with regard to the individual nature of refugee status determination. Recalibrating the Convention to facilitate climate-induced migration could reduce political tension and social unrest in receiving countries.
Keywords: climate change, climate-driven migration or displacement, climate migrants, climate refugees, determination of refugee status, the 1951 refugee convention, human rights-based approach, socio-economic conditions, vulnerability to climate disasters, the role of discrimination, rights-based climate litigation
Published in DKUM: 19.04.2024; Views: 168; Downloads: 13
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2. The argument for choosing state's judicial system or a "private" outsourced resolution of disputes : a practising attorney's point of viewJorg Sladič, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Terms such as arbitration, mediation, conciliation and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) are nowadays standard terms in any classroom textbook on civil procedure. Legal scholars enumerated and assessed in depth the advantages and disadvantages of any type of outsourced dispute resolution. However, a number of legal writers still fail to enumerate the exact differences in course of events and all of the trade-offs that a party will have when deciding to resolve the dispute using an outsourced dispute resolution. Clearly the costs, the celerity and the flexibility are important issues. However, the decision is not influenced solely by legal arguments. This paper will mention some typical Slovenian issues in an assessment of the choice of dispute resolution. If parties want to continue to remain in good terms after the dispute, then an outsourced dispute resolution is highly recommended. Judicial rulings are to binary; one party wins, one loses.
Keywords: ADR, arbitration, mediation, outsourced mediation, court- connected mediation, choice of ADR, State as party in litigation and ADR
Published in DKUM: 02.08.2018; Views: 1218; Downloads: 141
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3. Resolving intellectual property disputesHamed Alavi, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: Within recent decades, increasing the complexity of international trade has resulted in changing many dimensions of doing business with other nations and relevant problems to it. Rising the importance of intellectual property rights as intangible assets of companies is considered among most important characters of modern business process which applies to multinational enterprises and other forms of companies who intend to enter the global market place equally. Benefiting from global marketplace and at the same time protecting IPRs is a difficult goal to achieve due to intangible and diverse nature of such rights which results. In practice of international trade, there is high probability for companies to face with IPR related disputes. Therefore, choice of proper IP Dispute Resolution mechanism is an important step in designing overall IP strategy of the firm as an improper IP dispute resolution method can impose high financial costs as well as affecting reputation of the firm. Current paper tries to answer to the question of what is the most suitable dispute resolution method for IP related disputes. And in order to achieve this objective, paper explores different types of IP disputes, different approaches for resolving IP disputes, factors affecting the choice of method for resolving IP disputes and finally, it will analyse application of dispute resolution mechanisms in different types of IP related disputes.
Keywords: intellectual property rights, dispute resolution, international trade, litigation, alternative dispute resolution
Published in DKUM: 02.08.2018; Views: 1414; Downloads: 88
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4. Some observations regarding cross-border debt collection in consumer disputesChristophe Verdure, 2010, original scientific article Abstract: Cross-border debt collection in consumer dispute leads to many difficulties. The main one is the access to justice as consumers are generally not aware of their rights and legal proceedings may be expensive. The major difficulty in order to sue a counterpart based in another Member States is the determination of the competent court. However, this private international law issue is the first step in order to bring a legal action. This action may be disproportionate, on time and value, in comparison with the amount of the debt a consumer wants to recover. As a result, the European Commission has adopted the Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters which aims at facilitating cross-border disputes involving consumers. After recalling the main characteristics of the Directive, author also discusses online mediation, that can also lead to more effective results.
Keywords: cross-border debt collection, online mediation, consumer law, alternative litigation proceedings, Directive 2008/52/EC, private international law
Published in DKUM: 23.07.2018; Views: 1081; Downloads: 37
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