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1.
Exploring an infrastructure investment methodology to risk mitigation from rail hazardous materials shipments
Ali Vaezi, Manish Verma, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: Railroad is one of the primary modes to transport hazardous materials (hazmat) in North America. For instance, Canadian railroads carried around 50 million tons of hazmat in 2018. Given the inherent danger of trains carrying hazmat, this study aimed at exploring a novel way towards mitigation of the associated risk. This study sought to investigate whether proper rail track infrastructure investment can mitigate the risk from hazmat shipments. To this end, a methodology was developed and then applied to the Canadian railroad network. The proposed three-step methodology captured the differing perspectives of rail carriers and regulatory agencies, and entailed (1) ascertaining the risk-level of various yards and links in the given railroad network, (2) specifying potential candidates for infrastructure investment, and (3) finding the optimum set of investment decisions. The proposed methodology was then applied to the Canadian railroad network to demonstrate that significant risk-reduction can beachieved by adding alternative rail-links around the riskiest locations (i.e. the network hot-spots), and also to show that risk-reduction function is non-linear with non-monotonous behavior. The study showed the possibility of significant hazmat risk reduction through alternative rail-links that could take traffic away from the network hot-spots. The methodology and the resultsfrom the Canadian case can be used by railroad companies and policy makers to estimate the value of potentially risk-reducinginfrastructure investments.
Keywords: risk mitigation, railroad network, hazardous materials, infrastructure investment, optimization, transportation safety
Published in DKUM: 23.08.2024; Views: 61; Downloads: 8
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2.
Calculation model of the costs of transition to renewable energy sources on the example of the Spanish energy system : magistrsko delo
Luka Gams, 2024, master's thesis

Abstract: This master’s thesis focuses on the efficient integration of renewable energy sources into power systems through the application of an optimized economic dispatch model. The goal is to balance the beneficial aspects of renewable energy with the total costs of power system performance, using advanced management and planning tools. The study incorporates a detailed economic dispatch model and an investment model, considering both the operational and investment costs. The primary objectives include developing a cost-effective strategy to meet the power demand and determining optimal generator capacities. The project aligns with Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13, advocating for affordable, clean energy and climate action, respectively. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, model development, real-world data collection, testing, and analysis of outcomes. The potential results can inform future energy planning and policy, supporting a transition to a more sustainable, low-carbon energy future.
Keywords: economic dispatch model, investment model, marginal costs, Gurobi optimizer
Published in DKUM: 06.02.2024; Views: 273; Downloads: 25
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3.
Impact of transport trends on sustainability in the Western Balkans : a future-oriented business sector perspective
Tomislav Letnik, Katja Hanžič, Matej Mencinger, Drago Sever, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Abstract This study examines the impact of emerging transport trends on the Western Balkans and their potential to improve the sustainability and efficiency of the transport sector in the region. In the context of global efforts to reduce environmental impacts and improve transport safety, the study aims to better understand the perspective of the business sector in order to align strategic planning for the introduction of new transport technologies and practices with the expectations of the business sector. Using a questionnaire-based survey on the Mentimeter platform, the study gathers insights from 49 transport and logistics experts. The analysis uses violin plots and heat maps to visualise the expected impact of the identified trends. The results show a consensus among the experts that the emerging trends are likely to lead to a reduction in accidents, congestion, and emissions, while at the same time increasing operating costs and investment in infrastructure. In particular, trends such as alternative fuels, electrification, and smart city initiatives are highlighted as important drivers for reducing emissions. The study concludes that while these trends are likely to lead to the achievement of environmental and safety goals, they also lead to economic challenges as operating costs increase and significant infrastructure investment is required. The study emphasises the need for strategic investment, policy adjustments, and capacity building to lead the Western Balkans towards a sustainable transport future.
Keywords: transport trends, congestion, accidents, infrastructure investment, operational costs, policy adaptation
Published in DKUM: 31.01.2024; Views: 333; Downloads: 36
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4.
Local tourism development : earmarked taxes for enhancing tourism in Slovenian municipalities
Irena Bačlija Brajnik, Marjetka Rangus, 2022, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: Slovenia has built a system of local self-government within the main provisions of the European Charter on local selfgovernment. According to the local Self-Government Act, municipalities have some competences in individual areas of development, including tourism. However, the existing system could further benefit from enhancing local autonomy – whether in policy scope or fiscal capacity. Municipalities are not stimulated to engage in proactive management of local policies and services, and although the competences of municipalities are regulated (and protected) by the Constitution, the Local SelfGovernment Acts and special laws, some policy areas are too loosely defined and rely heavily on the agendas of individual local governments. In this contribution, we address the question of how municipalities collect resources to develop tourism, and what are the issues in planning tourism-related investments.
Keywords: tourism development, municipalities, tourism tax, investment, local budget
Published in DKUM: 17.01.2024; Views: 223; Downloads: 24
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5.
Energo-economics payback investment calculation modelling of gas-steam combined cycle power plant
Dušan Strušnik, Jurij Avsec, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: The paper deals with energo-economic payback calculation modelling of the combined gassteam cycle operation, demonstrating the basic characteristic properties of cycle behaviour in different operating regimes and calculating the payback period of the investment. The calculation of the payback period of the investment is based on the calculation of the net present value and with actual obtaining data sets from a recently built gas-steam combined cycle power plant. The results of the calculation modelling show that the gas-steam combined cycle power plant can achieve a useful efficiency of up to 88% in the back-pressure operation of the steam turbine. The useful efficiency of the gas turbine is up to 40%. The payback period of the investment depends on the investment costs, the quantity and market price of the consumed fuel, the quantity and market price of the generated electricity and thermal energy. The results show that with a price ratio fuel/electricity of 0.36, the payback period of the investment is 4 years, with a price ratio fuel/electricity of 0.54, the payback period of the investment is as much as 17 years.
Keywords: calculation, efficiency, investment, market, modelling, payback
Published in DKUM: 30.10.2023; Views: 503; Downloads: 5
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6.
Citizenship by investment programs from the perspective of international and EU Law
Petra Weingerl, Matjaž Tratnik, 2019, original scientific article

Abstract: A growing number of States have been offering so-called citizenship by investment programs (CBI) or related residence by investment programs (RBI), where they offer residence and/or their nationality to foreigners willing to invest a considerable sum in their economies and/or to donate to their budget or other public funds. We focus on the CBI. Among States that offer specific CBI programs are mainly Caribbean states, but also three EU Member States, namely Bulgaria, Cyprus and Malta. The choice of an investment or donation as one of the grounds for the acquisition of the nationality of a (Member) State is in principle a legitimate choice under both international and EU law. In Section 2, we will first offer some thoughts on privileged naturalizations in State interest in general, and specifically about investment migration, before we embark on the discussion of the CBI schemes that are offered in Bulgaria, Cyprus and Malta. Section 3 explores the principle of national autonomy and its limitations both in international and EU law, with the focus on the existing CBI programs in the EU and their compatibility with international and EU law. Moreover, we will analyse the approach of the EU institutions towards such schemes.
Keywords: citizenship by investment, privileged naturalization, national autonomy, due diligence, EU citizenship
Published in DKUM: 15.01.2021; Views: 747; Downloads: 29
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7.
Implications of unilateral arbitration clauses : master's thesis
Stefan Danojević, 2020, master's thesis

Abstract: Unilateral arbitration clauses are clauses that provide one party with an option to choose between either arbitral or court proceedings. The other party does not have such choice, but its dispute resolution mechanism is predetermined from the outset. For that exact reason, the question is raised whether such clauses are problematic. This question stems from the proposition that there is inherent inequality between the parties arising out of the nature of such agreement. Especially problematic aspect of inequality is highlighted when the disadvantaged party is not granted any other contractional benefit in return. Interpretation regarding as to what is breaching the principle of equal treatment and at the same time possibly public policy of a relevant country differs throughout different jurisdictions. Highest regard must be given to interpretations of countries of the seat of arbitration or the countries where the final award is to be recognised and enforced. This is due to the fact that if the clause is considered contrary to public policy of these countries there is risk of award being set aside or of the refusal of recognition and enforcement of the award. However, even in the event that consequences are not as grave the risk remains that such arbitration agreement will not be respected its entirety. Thus, the utilisation of unilateral arbitration clauses is clouded by uncertainty. The uncertainty exists specifically in regard to the disadvantaged party as until the procedure is initiated, that party will not be able to anticipate what type of proceeding it will be subjected to. Further, there is uncertainty from the perspective of both parties as the concerns regarding validity and enforcement are ever present. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for parties to draft unilateral arbitration agreements with absolute precision and with due regard to the possible obstacles.
Keywords: international commercial arbitration, international investment arbitration, arbitration clause, unilateral arbitration clause, party equality, enforceability
Published in DKUM: 11.11.2020; Views: 1732; Downloads: 148
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8.
Thinking in options – finding and evaluating alternatives
Edeltraud Günther, Daria Meyr, 2016, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: After this general observation of decision processes we want to have a look at two decision making situations, that necessitate these processes, more detailed: Investment decisions are on the agenda for small and medium-sized companies, while acquisition decisions are more relevant in larger companies.
Keywords: decision-making, investment decisions, acquisition decisions, monetary assessment, effects, economic-ecological net effect
Published in DKUM: 11.05.2018; Views: 1225; Downloads: 63
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9.
Next generation logistics : technologies and applications
Borut Jereb, 2017, scientific monograph

Abstract: The scientific monograph “Next Generation Logistics: Technologies and Applications” focuses on smart system modelling approaches to some logistics problems, sustainability applications on warehousing technologies as well as investment and management of logistics systems. The monograph includes nine chapters that approach to logistical problems from practical requirements. The reader will find both mathematical modelling approaches to some warehousing, supply chain problems as well as management related issues in the related problems. Since it also includes some case studies in the chapters, this monograph contributes the next generation logistics in both theoretical and practical ways.
Keywords: logistics, computer technologies, smart system modelling, warehousing, investment, management, logistics systems
Published in DKUM: 09.05.2018; Views: 1482; Downloads: 86
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10.
Productivity and economic growth in the European Union : impact of investment in research and development
Andreja Nekrep, Sebastjan Strašek, Darja Boršič, 2018, original scientific article

Abstract: This paper focuses on investment in research and development as a factor of labour productivity and economic growth. Our analysis confirms the link between expenditure for research and development (expressed in % of GDP) and labour productivity (expressed in the number of hours worked) based on selected data for EU Member States in the period 1995-2013. A causal link between variables of the concave parabola was confirmed, and the value of expenditure for research and development (2.85% of EU GDP) maximising productivity (per hour of work) was determined based on the examined data. In accordance with these findings, EU’s target of reaching 3% of GDP spent on research and development to be achieved by 2020 seems in support of reaching maximum productivity in the EU.
Keywords: investment in research and development, productivity, economic growth, correlation, panel analysis
Published in DKUM: 03.05.2018; Views: 1991; Downloads: 230
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