1. Impact of social networks on the labor market inequalities and school-to-work transitionsMahmut Özer, Matjaž Perc, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Countries invest in education systems in order to increase the quality of their human capital. In this context, it is seen that especially after the expansion of the higher education systems, countries try to increase higher education graduation rates in order to improve the quality of human resources in the labor market. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to facilitate the transitions from school-to-work, and to increase social welfare by meeting the human resources needs of the labor market. The facilitation of school-to-work transitions has a direct impact on youth unemployment. School-to-work transitions are influenced not only by the quality of education from primary to higher education but also by the dynamics of the labor market. Social network analysis can provide important insights into this dynamics, and in doing so reveal that there are indeed many factors that play a key role in determining who gets a job and why, including, first and foremost, social contacts. An analysis of job search channels reveals that partners, friends, and relatives are those social contacts that are most decisive for employment outcomes. Research reveals that employers use social-contact-based reference channels much more frequently than formal channels for recruitment. Thus, employers frequently use such reference channels in recruitment. It has also been shown that the use of social-contact channels reduces employers' costs of finding suitable employees and increases productivity since employees hired through these channels also stay longer in their firms. We here explore the full potential of social network analysis to better our understanding of school-to-work transitions, to reveal in no uncertain terms the importance of social contacts, and to show how these insights can be leveraged to level the labor market for all involved. An important take-home message is that the labor market dynamics is strongly affected by the Matthew effect, such that the inequalities and the gaps between opportunities only grow and widen as the underlying social networks evolve. It is therefore important to mitigate these effects well before school-to-work transitions come into play, namely during the education. In particular, we assert that minimizing the inequalities during education should effectively mitigate the uneven impact of social networks on school-to-work transitions.
Keywords: employment, higher education, inequality, labor market, Matthew effect, social network
Published in DKUM: 04.10.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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2. Past, present, and intended digitalization around the world : leading, catching up, forging ahead, and falling behindMahsa Samsami, Thomas Schøtt, 2022, original scientific article Keywords: digitalization, adoption of technology, external enabler, globalization, inequality, convergence, divergence
Published in DKUM: 19.06.2023; Views: 499; Downloads: 12
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3. Tax policy and income inequality in the Visegrad countriesAnna Moździerz, 2015, original scientific article Abstract: The financialisation of economies is believed to be the primary cause of the increase in income inequality in the world, occurring on a scale unseen for more than 30 years. One can hypothesise that it is the state that is responsible for the widening inequality, as the state has not sufficiently used the redistributive function of taxation. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of tax policy on income inequality in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. These so-called Visegrad countries have, in the last several years, carried out some controversial experiments with tax policy, specifically in terms of the flattening of tax progressivity or its replacement with a flat tax, which led to the weakening of the income adjustment mechanism. The imbalance between income tax and consumption tax has contributed to perpetuating income inequality. The verification of tax systems carried out during the recent financial crisis has forced the countries included in this research to implement tax reforms. The introduced changes caused various fiscal and redistributive effects. Analyses show that the changes in income taxation and an increase in the consumption tax rate had the most negative impact on the income and asset situation in Hungary.
Keywords: tax, tax policy, income inequality, Gini coefficient
Published in DKUM: 14.11.2017; Views: 1606; Downloads: 407
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4. Does strong heterogeneity promote cooperation by group interactions?Matjaž Perc, 2011, original scientific article Abstract: Previous research has highlighted the importance of strong heterogeneity for the successful evolution of cooperation in games governed by pairwise interactions. Here we determine to what extent this is true for games governed by group interactions. We therefore study the evolution of cooperation in the public goods game on the square lattice, the triangular lattice, and the random regular graph, whereby the payoffs are distributed either uniformly or exponentially amongst the players by assigning to them individual scaling factors that determine the share of the public good they will receive. We find that uniformly distributed public goods are more successful in maintaining high levels of cooperation than exponentially distributed public goods. This is not in agreement with previous results on games governed by pairwise interactions, indicating that group interactions may be less susceptible to the promotion of cooperation by means of strong heterogeneity than originally assumed, and that the role of strongly heterogeneous states should be reexamined for other types of games.
Keywords: social dilemmas, cooperation, public goods, inequality, social diversity
Published in DKUM: 30.06.2017; Views: 1464; Downloads: 427
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5. Buşe, Constantin; Jitiau, Oprea: A new theorem on exponential stability of periodic evolution families on Banach spaces. - Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 2003, Paper no. 14, 10 p., electronic only (2003). [ISSN 1072-6691]Miklavž Mastinšek, 2004, review, book review, critique Keywords: matematika, analiza, skoraj periodične funkcije, eksponentna stabilnost, integralska neenakost, diferencialna neenakost, Banachov prostor, mathematics, analysis, almost periodic functions, exponential stability, periodic evolution families of operators, integral inequality, differential inequality on Banach spaces
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2015; Views: 1338; Downloads: 36
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10. Recent transformation of economic inequality in NUTS 3 regions in SloveniaLučka Lorber, 2011, original scientific article Abstract: The restructuring of the economy and transition to a market economy have had different impacts on the economic position of regions. The level of impact that changed economic and socio-political circumstances caused in the individual regions depended on various factors: the economic structure of the regions, their ability to reroute onto foreign markets, development potentials, development strategies, and their strategic decisions. Development problems are distinctive predominantly in areas suffering from structural backwardness and economic weakness with predominantly rural orientation, areas facing demographic problems, low income per inhabitant and high unemployment rate. The peripheral nature of the underdeveloped areas caused the emptying of the countryside and concentrating of the population in urban centers. Unfavorable demographic picture, emigration of the young, poor educational structure and shortage of adequate staff, and absence of strategic decisions had led to an increasing setback of the underdeveloped regions compared to the developed ones. The results of empirical analyses of division NUTS 3 regions in Slovenia into groups, taking into account the selected development indicators, lead to the conclusion that economic development has not been conducted in the context of modern understanding of balanced regional development and in accordance with the principle of integrity of implementing regional policy in the entire state territory. The existing regional developmental differences confirm the thesis that market mechanism on its own will not reduce economic inequality and substantiate the need for efficient conduct of regional policy.
Keywords: Slovenia, regional development, regional disparities, regional policy, transition, economic inequality
Published in DKUM: 07.06.2012; Views: 1594; Downloads: 33
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