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Abstract: In dispersed multiphase flow processes we encounter coupled heat, mass and momentum transfer between the disoersed and the continuous phase. In the context of the subdomain Boundary Domain Integral Method (BDIM) solution of the Navier-Stokes equations a two-way coupling model is presented based on the use of the elliptic fundamental solution and the Dirac delta function properties which leads to accurate evaluation of the heat and mass point particle source impacts on the continuous (air) phase. In addition, the two-phase flow case under consideration is extended to the case of porous spherical particle drying with internal moving drying front, which is solved by the Boundary Element Method (BEM).
Keywords: heat transfer, mass transfer, Boundary Element Methods
Published in DKUM: 01.07.2024; Views: 113; Downloads: 18
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Abstract: The heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system represents the main auxiliary load for any type of bus. Being the most significant energy-consuming auxiliary load for the electric bus, it must be given special attention in an electric bus system design. To study the heat transfer and thermal optimization for passenger comfort in the electric bus computer-aided design (CAD) is used. The geometry of an electric bus interior is designed considering the main components of the vehicle: passenger cabin, driver’s cabin, windows, walls, and seats. Materials of the same type as those used in the real bus are considered for the geometry model. Based on the heat transfer theory, a thermal model and simulations are made for the heat transfer inside the electric bus. The simulated data are compared with measurement data, and based on these, it can be concluded that the thermal model of the electric bus can be validated and used further for a wide variety of thermal simulation types.
Keywords: heat transfer, electric bus, passenger comfort, geometry design, thermal modelling
Published in DKUM: 13.11.2023; Views: 274; Downloads: 6
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Abstract: "How long is the coast of Britain?" was the question stated by Mandelbrot. Using smaller and smaller rulers the coast length limits to infinity. If this logic is applied to the fractal heat sink geometry, infinite cooling capacity should be obtained using fractals with mathematically infinite surface area. The aim of this article is to check this idea using Richardson extrapolation of numerical simulation results varying the fractal element length from one to zero. As expected, the extrapolated heat flux has a noninfinite limit. The presented fractal heat sink geometry is non-competitive to the straight fins.
Keywords: fractal heat sink, LED cooling, CPU cooling, conjugate heat transfer, laminar flow, boundary element method, Koch snowflake
Published in DKUM: 14.07.2023; Views: 653; Downloads: 17
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Abstract: The doctoral thesis presents the design of several high-pressure processes involving »green solvents« so-called supercritical fluids for the eco-friendly and sustainable production of new products with special characteristics, fewer toxic residues, and low energy consumption. The thesis is divided into three main parts: polymer processing and formulation of active drugs, measurements of transport properties form pendant drop geometry, and study of heat transfer under supercritical conditions. In the first part, special attention is given to using biodegradable polymers in particle size reduction processes that are related to pharmaceutical applications for controlled drug release. The PGSSTM micronization process was applied to the biodegradable carrier materials polyoxyethylene stearyl ether (Brij 100 and Brij 50) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) for the incorporation of the insoluble drugs nimodipine, fenofibrate, o-vanillin, and esomeprazole with the purpose of improving their bioavailability and dissolution rate. In order to optimize and design micronization process, preliminary transfer and thermodynamic experiments of water-soluble carriers (Brij and PEG)/ SCFs system were carried out. It was observed that a combination of process parameters, including particle size reduction and interactions between drugs and hydrophilic carriers, contributed to enhancing the dissolution rates of precipitated solid particles. In the second part, a new optimized experimental setup based on pendant drop tensiometry was developed and a mathematical model designed to fit the experimental data was used to determine the diffusion coefficients of binary systems at elevated pressures and temperatures. Droplet geometry was examined by using a precise computer algorithm that fits the Young–Laplace equation to the axisymmetric shape of a drop. The experimental procedure was validated by a comparison of the experimental data for the water-CO2 mixture with data from the literature. For the first time, interfacial tension of CO2 saturated solution with propylene glycol and diffusion coefficients of propylene glycol in supercritical CO2 at temperatures of 120°C and 150°C in a pressure range from 5 MPa, up to 17.5 MPa were measured. Additionally, the drop tensiometry method was applied for measuring systems that are of great importance in carbon sequestration related applications. The effect of argon as a co-contaminant in a CO2 stream on the interfacial tension, diffusion coefficients, and storage capacity was studied. In the third part, comprehensive investigation into the heat transfer performance of CO2, ethane and their azeotropic mixture at high pressures and temperatures was studied. A double pipe heat exchanger was developed and set up to study the effects of different operating parameters on heat transfer performance over a wide range of temperatures (25 °C to 90 °C) and pressures (5 MPa to 30 MPa). Heat flux of supercritical fluids was measured in the inner pipe in the counter-current with water in the outer pipe. For the first time, the heat transfer coefficients (HTC) of supercritical CO2, ethane and their azeotropic mixture in water loop have been measured and compared. A brief evaluation is provided of the effect of mass flux, heat flux, pressure, temperature and buoyancy force on heat transfer coefficients. Additionally, to properly evaluate the potential and the performance of azeotropic mixture CO2-ethane, the coefficients of performance (COP) were calculated for the heat pump working cycle and compared to a system containing exclusively CO2.
Keywords: supercritical fluids, PGSSTM, formulation of active drugs, biodegradable polymers, transport and thermodynamic data, pendant drop method, carbon sequestration, heat transfer coefficients
Published in DKUM: 28.05.2018; Views: 1682; Downloads: 246
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Abstract: The article presents an engineering approach to the development of an alternative production with the existing equipment. Zeolite production is becoming an alternative to the old »Bayer« process for aluminum hydrate production. By applying appropriate know-how old equipment was used for an economically as well as ecologically acceptable production. In this equipment adaptation among other production steps the multistage evaporation battery was the most critical part of the process. We applied semi empirical approach on the basis of Z. Rant ideas to find heat transfer coefficients and to determine which equipment elements are more relevant for efficient performance and need serious maintenance.
Keywords: chemical engineering, evaporation in silicate technology, bauxite alumina production, evaporators, process optimization, heat transfer, heat flow, empirical equations, heat transfer coefficients, zeolites
Published in DKUM: 24.08.2017; Views: 1618; Downloads: 112
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