1. Content analysis of medical and health apps’ privacy policiesBoštjan Brumen, 2022, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Privacy is a fundamental human right and is widely end extensively protected in the western industrialized world. The recent advances in technologies, especially in the use of applications developed and designed for mobile devices, have led to the rise of its abuse on one hand and a higher awareness of the importance of privacy on the other side. Legal texts protecting privacy have attempted to rectify some of the problems, but the ecosystem giants and mobile apps developers adapted. In this paper, we analyze which data mobile apps developers are collecting. We have focused on a sample of apps in the medical and health field. The research was done using collocations analysis. A relationship between a base word and its collocative partners was sought. The initial visual
results have led us to more detailed studies that unveiled some worrying patterns. Namely, applications are collect data about the users and their activities, but also about their family members, medical diagnoses, treatments, and alike, going well beyond the “need to function” / functionality threshold.
Keywords: privacy, collocation, GDPR, apps, similarity, medical, health, fitness
Published in DKUM: 20.01.2026; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. Perspective chapter: recognition of activities of daily living for elderly people in the era of digital healthMirjam Sepesy Maučec, Gregor Donaj, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: People around the world are living longer. The question arises of how to help
elderly people to live longer independently and feel safe in their homes. Activity of
Daily Living (ADL) recognition systems automatically recognize the daily activities of
residents in smart homes. Automated monitoring of the daily routine of older individuals, detecting behavior patterns, and identifying deviations can help to identify
the need for assistance. Such systems must ensure the confidentiality, privacy, and
autonomy of residents. In this chapter, we review research and development in the
field of ADL recognition. Breakthrough advancements have been evident in recent
years with advances in sensor technology, the Internet of Things (IoT), machine
learning, and artificial intelligence. We examine the main steps in the development of
an ADL recognition system, introduce metrics for system evaluation, and present the
latest trends in knowledge transfer and detection of behavior changes. The literature
overview shows that deep learning approaches currently provide promising results.
Such systems will soon mature for more diverse practical uses as transfer learning
enables their fast deployment in new environments.
Keywords: digital health, elderly, activities of daily living, recognition of activities, sensors, machine learning
Published in DKUM: 15.01.2026; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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3. Access to health care in the United StatesDejan Romih, Peter Kumer, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Access to health care remains one of the most debated issues in health economics. However, in most cases, access to health care is neither equal, equitable nor fair, as it depends on income or wealth. The aim of this study is to group US states and the US capital city into clusters based on similarities in five measures of access to health care: percentage of adults who were uninsured, percentage of adults unable to obtain medical care when needed due to cost, percentage of adults who had difficulty paying medical bills in the past year, percentage of adults without a personal doctor, and percentage of adults with fair or poor health status. The results of the cluster analysis showed two clusters: states with poorer access and states with better access to health care. This indicates differences in access to health care between the two groups, which may affect health outcomes. Therefore, action is needed to ensure equal, equitable and fair access to health care for all.
Keywords: access to health care, cluster analysis, health, health care, United States
Published in DKUM: 07.01.2026; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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4. Multimodal observable cues in mood, anxiety, and borderline personality disorders: a review of reviews to inform explainable AI in mental healthGrega Močnik, Ana Rehberger, Žan Smogavc, Izidor Mlakar, Urška Smrke, Sara Močnik, 2025, review article Abstract: Mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder (BPD), are common, often begin early, and can cause profound impairment. Traditional assessments rely heavily on subjective reports and clinical observation, which can be inconsistent and biased. Recent advances in AI offer a promising complement by analyzing objective, observable cues from speech, language, facial expressions, physiological signals, and digital behavior. Explainable AI ensures these patterns remain interpretable and clinically meaningful. A synthesis of 24 recent systematic and scoping reviews shows that depression is linked to self-focused negative language, slowed and monotonous speech, reduced facial expressivity, disrupted sleep and activity, and altered phone or online behavior. Anxiety disorders present with negative language bias, monotone speech with pauses, physiological hyperarousal, and avoidance-related behaviors. BPD exhibits more complex patterns, including impersonal or externally focused language, speech dysregulation, paradoxical facial expressions, autonomic dysregulation, and socially ambivalent behaviors. Some cues, like reduced heart rate variability and flattened speech, appear across conditions, suggesting shared transdiagnostic mechanisms, while BPD’s interpersonal and emotional ambivalence stands out. These findings highlight the potential of observable, digitally measurable cues to complement traditional assessments, enabling earlier detection, ongoing monitoring, and more personalized interventions in psychiatry.
Keywords: observable cues, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, borderline personality disorder, multimodal signals, facial expressions, speech patterns, physiological signals, explainable AI, mental health assessment
Published in DKUM: 05.01.2026; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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5. Burnout and the stigma of help-seeking in nurses : a cross-sectional studyAljana Smajlović, Leona Cilar Budler, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the association between burnout and the stigma of seeking professional psychological help among nurses working in surgical nursing field.
Background: Nurses working in surgical settings face high levels of occupational stress, which increases their risk of burnout. Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, can significantly impact both the well-being of healthcare professionals and the quality of patient care. Despite the availability of professional psychological support, many nurses hesitate to seek help due to stigma, cultural perceptions, and workplace norms. Understanding the relationship between burnout and help-seeking stigma is essential to developing targeted interventions that promote mental health support and reduce barriers to psychological care in nursing professionals.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Central Slovenia Region, from December 2024 to January 2025. 322 nurses completed the questionnaire on burnout and help-seeking stigma. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis U test were performed. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study included 322 surgical nurses, with the majority reporting moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion. A weak but statistically significant negative correlation (ρ = -0.178, p = 0.002) was found between burnout and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, indicating that nurses experiencing higher burnout levels were less likely to seek support. Nurses with high emotional exhaustion showed more stigmatized views (U = 2091.5, p = 0.010), though post-hoc power for this subgroup comparison was low (≈ 0.22). Gender differences were observed, with men reporting higher stigma against psychological help-seeking (p = 0.036), while women experienced higher burnout levels, particularly emotional exhaustion (p = 0.001). No significant associations were found between personal fulfillment and help-seeking attitudes (p = 0.807), nor between burnout and years of work experience (p = 0.325).
Conclusion: These findings highlight the persistent stigma surrounding mental health support among surgical nurses, particularly those experiencing higher burnout. Emotional exhaustion appears to play a critical role in shaping attitudes toward help-seeking, suggesting that burnout interventions should incorporate mental health education to reduce stigma and encourage psychological support utilization. Gender disparities in burnout and stigma further emphasize the need for tailored interventions addressing the unique challenges faced by male and female nurses. Future research should explore organizational and cultural factors influencing psychological help-seeking behaviors and assess the effectiveness of workplace-based mental health interventions.
Keywords: occupational burnout, psychological wellbeing, help-seeking stigma, mental health
Published in DKUM: 18.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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6. Labour law aspects of child labour in the information ageMojca Tancer Verboten, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: The article analyses the labour law aspects of child labour in the information age. It presents in detail the specific features related to the regulation of child labour and the possibilities of applying labour law legislation particularly to the work of children under the age of 15, pupils and students. Three sections are discussed: the normative regulation of child labour, the specific features of performing light work by children, the special protection provisions that apply to child labour, and the specific features related to digital child labour, which is emerging as a new form of work. The basic hypothesis in the article is that when defining child labour and the emergence of new forms of work, such as the work of information child influencers, it is necessary to regulate this appropriately in a way that takes into account the specific features of the situation of children who perform such work so that such work does not harm their safety, health, morality, education and development.
Keywords: kidfluencers, special protection provisions, child health and safety, child exploitation, digital work
Published in DKUM: 17.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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7. Children's right to privacy in the virtual world of appsSuzana Kraljić, Ema Turnšek, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: The world has become increasingly globalized, with the exchange of goods and services spanning continents, often leading to clashes between differently regulated legal systems. A prominent example of such a conflict arises in the context of digital health applications and the processing of personal data within them. Although in the sense of human rights, the rights to privacy and data protection are guaranteed to every person with numerous national and international legal acts, and secondary law and sectoral legislation that delves into this field. In Europe, personal health data are mainly regulated with GDPR, whereas in US the field is fragmented and regulated by sectoral regulations. The issue occurs when we deal with the protection of personal health data in the virtual world of health apps, which in the US remains in the grey zone without proper legal safeguards. US HIPAA, which governs personal health data at the federal level, does not protect all data provided to a health app, not even data provided to unlicensed counsel offering services through it.
Keywords: child's privacy, age limitation, informed consent, personal data and health applications, digitalisation
Published in DKUM: 17.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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8. Health-promoting leadership and leadersʹ listening skills have an impact on the employeesʹ job satisfaction and turnover intentionAnita Dunkl, Borut Milfelner, Simona Šarotar Žižek, Paul Jiménez, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The topic of health-promoting leadership has often been investigated on its impact on health outcomes. However, it is still unclear if healthpromoting leadership has an impact on other well-being parameters at work besides health. Another leadership behavior, the leaders’ listening skills, can benefit well-being parameters at the workplace, such as job satisfaction, which in turn lowers turnover intention. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between health-promoting leadership, the leaders’ listening skills, job satisfaction, and turnover intention to get a clearer picture about the effects of different leadership behaviors on the employees’ well-being. The results of an online-study with 354 Austrian and Slovenian workers showed that both types of leadership behaviors had a direct effect on the employees’ job satisfaction and an indirect effect on turnover intention through job satisfaction. Listening was found to have a stronger direct impact on job satisfaction. The findings indicate that both leadership behaviors are able to support well-being at the workplace.
Keywords: health-promoting leadership, job satisfaction, listening, turnover intention, well-being
Published in DKUM: 05.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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9. Person-centred care in association with psychological well-being of older adultsMateja Lorber, Nataša Mlinar Reljić, Brendan McCormack, Sergej Kmetec, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Background: As the global population ages, there is an increasing focus on enhancing the psychological well-being of older adults. A key strategy is person-centred care, which emphasises recognising each individual as unique, with their values, needs, and preferences. This study explored older adults’ perceptions of person-centred care and its relationship with their general health and psychological well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 632 participants aged 65 to 96 years (mean age = 73.4 ± 6.7) was conducted, comprising 435 (69%) female and 197 (31%) male participants. Of these, 57% lived in home environments, while 43% resided in retirement homes. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire that included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), and the Person-Centred Practice Inventory for Service Users (PCPI-SU). Data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 28.0, and non-parametric tests such as the Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlation were used. Results: Older adults who reported more frequent contact with relatives or loved ones (daily or several times per week) and those residing in home environments perceived significantly higher levels of person-centred care compared to those with less frequent contact and those living in retirement homes (p < 0.001 for both variables). General health varied significantly according to gender (p = 0.009), level of education (p < 0.001), and living environment (p = 0.004), while psychological well-being among older adults showed significant differences based solely on their level of education (p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that person-centred care (p = 0.017) and monthly income (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the psychological well-being of older adults, independent of their living environment. Conclusions: The findings suggest that person-centred care and monthly income significantly predict psychological well-being among older adults. Differences in perceived care and health outcomes were also observed based on gender, education level, and living environment. These results underscore the importance of promoting person-centred care practices, particularly in retirement home settings, to enhance psychological well-being in older adult populations.
Keywords: older adults, psychological well-being, health, person-centred care
Published in DKUM: 04.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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10. Editorial: Lactic acid bacteria and their bioactive compounds: key regulators of gut microbiota and immune functionSabina Fijan, Nathalie Connil, Bojana Bogovič Matijašić, Marikunte Yanjarappa Sreenivasa, Marimuthu Anandharaj, 2025, other scientific articles Abstract: This Research Topic aimed to compile articles focusing on new insights into the role of lactic acid bacteria in the regulation of the gut microbiota. The main objectives included were understanding how LAB influence gut microbiota composition, identifying bioactive compounds produced by LAB and their effects, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying LAB's impact on immunity, pathogen exclusion, and intestinal barrier function, and exploring potential therapeutic interventions involving LAB. By addressing these questions, the research was aimed to fill existing gaps in our knowledge and provide a comprehensive understanding of LAB's multifaceted roles in gut health and beyond.
Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, probiotics, gut microbiota, health, bacteria, fungi
Published in DKUM: 04.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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