1. Structural roles and gender disparities in corruption networksArthur A. B. Pessa, Alvaro F. Martins, Mônica V. Prates, Sebastián Gonçalves, Cristina Masoller, Matjaž Perc, Haroldo V. Ribeiro, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Criminal activities are predominantly due to males, with females exhibiting a significantly lower involvement, especially in serious offenses. This pattern extends to organized crime, where females are often perceived as less tolerant to illegal practices. However, the roles of males and females within corruption networks are less understood. Here, we analyze data from political scandals in Brazil and Spain to shed light on gender differences in corruption networks. Our findings reveal that females constitute 10% and 20% of all agents in the Brazilian and Spanish corruption networks, respectively, with these proportions remaining stable over time and across different scandal sizes. Despite this disparity in representation, centrality measures are comparable between genders, except among highly central individuals, for which males are further overrepresented. Additionally, gender has no significant impact on network resilience, whether through random dismantling or targeted attacks on the largest component. Males are more likely to be involved in multiple scandals than females, and scandals predominantly involving females are rare, though these differences are explained by a null network model in which gender is randomly assigned while maintaining gender proportions. Our results further reveal that the underrepresentation of females partially explains gender homophily in network associations, although in the Spanish network, male-to-male connections exceed expectations derived from a null model.
Keywords: gender disparity, corruption network, political scandal, social physics, social physics
Published in DKUM: 25.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. Do visual constructs in social science textbooks evince gender stereotypes and bias? : a case study from IndiaSuzana Košir, Radhika Lakshminarayanan, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: India presents a heterogeneous socio-economic ethos, rooted within structures of patriarchy and caste, rendering any transformation of traditional gender roles, increasingly challenging. Gender socialisation begins in childhood and is assimilated through schools. Students imbibe gender concepts through textbooks and classroom experiences, which either reinforce their social perceptions or influence them to critique inequalities and bias. Adopting a multi-pronged approach through feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA) and content analysis, this research evaluates the images used in Indian school social science textbooks, for constructs of gender representation, structures, and stereotyping. The research reveals that gender structures depicted in textbooks foster patriarchy and gender bias. There is minimal effort to depict feminist activism and little scope to foster gender reflexivity and social debate, which only sustains stereotypical perceptions of gender roles within Indian society.
Keywords: gender stereotypes, gender socialisation, images in textbooks, gender bias, social sciences
Published in DKUM: 17.05.2024; Views: 123; Downloads: 53
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4. Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countriesPiotr Sorokowski, Marina Horvat, Tina Kavčič, Bojan Musil, Maja Zupančič, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
Keywords: love, modernization, collectivism, gender equality, cross-cultural studies
Published in DKUM: 20.03.2024; Views: 266; Downloads: 15
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5. Characteristics of the board of directors and dividend policy : a case study of banks in Western BalkansMarko Milašinović, Aleksandra Radojević, Biljana Jovković, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: This paper examines the influence of the size and participation of women
in the board of directors on the dividend policy of banks in Western Balkans.
The research covered 104 banks, observing their dividend policy from 2017
to 2019. The dividend payout ratio was measured by the dividend policy.
A relatively small number of banks paid dividends during the observation
period. By applying the Fixed-Effect model, it was determined that the
size of the board of directors has a statistically significant positive impact
on the dividend policy of observed banks. Concerning the participation of
women on the board of directors, a statistically significant impact on the
dividend policy of banks was not identified. In addition to contributing to the
existing literature on corporate finances, the research results can be crucial
to investors when deciding to invest funds in bank stocks.
Keywords: banks, board of directors, gender structure, dividend policy, Western Balkans
Published in DKUM: 01.09.2023; Views: 363; Downloads: 227
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6. Time pressure, work-related spousal support seeking, and relationship satisfaction : spillover and crossover effects among dual-earner couplesSara Tement, Katarina Katja Mihelič, Bettina Kubicek, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The present study examined how time pressure at work is transmitted to the home domain and how it affects individuals’ (spillover) as well as their partners’ relationship satisfaction (crossover). We examined the role of work-related spousal support seeking and proposed that it serves as a mediator of the spillover as well as the crossover process. We further explored whether the proposed spillover-crossover process is gender-contingent. Using a sample of 308 dual-earner couples, we found support for a positive link between time pressure at work and spousal support seeking. As hypothesized, spousal support seeking served also as a crossover mechanism. However, distinct spillover and crossover processes were found for men and women. These findings not only point to a new spillover and crossover mechanism but also highlight gender-specific patterns in the role of support seeking. As this coping strategy is feasible when job stressors are high, it should be considered a part of stress management trainings and organizational practices.
Keywords: spillover, crossover, time pressure, dual-earner couples, work-related spousal support, relationship satisfaction, gender differences
Published in DKUM: 13.07.2023; Views: 452; Downloads: 69
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7. Celebrity endorsement influence on destination imageIvana Marković, Gordana Radosavljević, Katarina Borisavljević, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Destination image influences the tourist decision-making process, and their
intention to visit, revisit and recommend. Therefore, a positive destination
image is considered one of the key destination success factors. Tourists will
form the image according to their own or others’ experiences and information
related to the destination, one option to provide destination information is
one of the most effective promotional tools called celebrity endorsement.
With the assumption that a positive celebrity image will be transferred to
the destination, this study will explore the effect of celebrity endorsement on
destination image. The study aims to test the celebrity endorsement effect on
destination image through the source attractiveness model, source credibility
model, and the Match-up model. Data were collected using the online survey
technique, the sample size was 204 respondents. Research hypotheses were
tested by regression analysis. Results indicated that celebrity attractiveness,
trustworthiness, expertise, and match-up impact the destination image. The
theoretical contribution is reflected in new information regarding the role of
celebrity endorsement in tourism, which is limited in foreign and domestic
scientific literature. As a practical contribution, the study provides information
that may be useful to tourism service providers in creating a promotional
campaign.
Keywords: gender equality, gender-responsive policies, female entrepreneurship, self-employed females, human capital
Published in DKUM: 19.06.2023; Views: 438; Downloads: 5
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8. The impact of women’s economic empowerment on the rise of female entrepreneurship in NamibiaVito Bobek, Andrea Schachl, Tatjana Horvat, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: In this paper the authors investigate the importance of women’s economic
empowerment and its impact on the rise of female entrepreneurship and
human capital in Namibia. The research includes a case study analysis with
four in-depth expert interviews. Data triangulation ensure the study's validity,
and the case was examined through pattern matching. The results demonstrate
that female entrepreneurs face challenges such as access to resources and
education, socio-cultural norms, a lack of social protection, and a large and
unprotected informal sector. The government and institutions shall promote
women's empowerment through a direct labour market intervention, support
for the informal sector, a gender-sensitive constitutional, legal, and institutional
framework, the enforcement and oversight of gender-responsive laws and
policies, and access to resources and education. Furthermore, women require
digital inclusion, entrepreneur networks, social protection, and reformed sociocultural norms. If female entrepreneurs are empowered adequately, they will
contribute to nations' human capital, economic growth, and development.
Keywords: gender equality, gender-responsive policies, female entrepreneurship, self-employed females, human capital
Published in DKUM: 19.06.2023; Views: 484; Downloads: 6
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9. Gender stereotypes in English nursery rhymes : m. a. thesisJasna Strmšek, 2023, master's thesis Abstract: Nursery rhymes are children's first interaction with literature. Because of their rhythm and melody, we start to expose our children to them soon after they are born. Most babies and children like rhymes and repetitive rhythms and they usually show their enthusiasm by bouncing up and down or jumping. In the theoretical part of our thesis, we explain the terminology gender, sexism, stereotypes, and gender stereotypes. We also present the benefits for children listening to nursery rhymes like the development of motor skills, communication skills, social-emotional skills, world knowledge, cognition, language, and literacy. The downside of nursery rhymes is that they also contain gender stereotypes. It is not good for children to hear these stereotypes and grow up believing that women are inferior to men and are passive contrary to men that play an active role and are dominant. In the empirical part of our thesis, we examine selected English nursery rhymes and analyze them. We developed our own coding system, that helped us see what kind of gender stereotypes prevail in English nursery rhymes.
Keywords: gender, sexism, stereotypes, gender stereotypes, nursery rhymes
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2023; Views: 515; Downloads: 43
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10. Gender of job titles in advertisements in american newspapersMaja Petek, 2018, master's thesis Abstract: This master’s thesis focuses on gender-specific and gender-neutral expressions or words for job titles in English. When we are choosing the right expression for a job title we often neglect one gender or we put one gender in forefront. In the theoretical part of our master’s thesis we explain the difference between biological sex (sex) and semantic sex (gender). We also write about gender categories, sexism and feminism. We discuss the important topic of politically correct language and we focus on gender marked words.
In the practical part we analyse job advertisements in old and new newspapers. We want to determine the use and the frequency of the use of gender marked job titles. Then we use these job titles and we analyse them by using two corpuses: COHA (Corpus of Historical American English) and COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English).
We try to determine if the job titles in the past were gender marked, if the words that we use nowadays are gender marked and what is the frequency of the use of gender marked job titles nowadays with the comparison with its use in the past.
Keywords: semantic gender, linguistic sexism, gender-neutral language, feminism, job titles in English
Published in DKUM: 05.05.2023; Views: 483; Downloads: 21
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