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Abstract: Topological defects appear in symmetry breaking phase transitions and are ubiquitous throughout Nature. As an ideal testbed for their study, defect configurations in nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) could be exploited in a rich variety of technological applications. Here we report on robust theoretical and experimental investigations in which an external electric field is used to switch between predetermined stable chargeless disclination patterns in a nematic cell, where the cell is sufficiently thick that the disclinations start and terminate at the same surface. The different defect configurations are stabilized by a master substrate that enforces a lattice of surface defects exhibiting zero total topological charge value. Theoretically, we model disclination configurations using a Landau-de Gennes phenomenological model. Experimentally, we enable diverse defect patterns by implementing an in-house-developed atomic force measurement scribing method, where NLC configurations are monitored via polarized optical microscopy. We show numerically and experimentally that an “alphabet” of up to 18 unique line defect configurations can be stabilized in a 4 × 4 lattice of alternating �=±1 surface defects, which can be “rewired” multistably using appropriate field manipulation. Our proof-of-concept mechanism may lead to a variety of applications, such as multistable optical displays and rewirable nanowires. Our studies also are of interest from a fundamental perspective. We demonstrate that a chargeless line could simultaneously exhibit defect-antidefect properties. Consequently, a pair of such antiparallel disclinations exhibits an attractive interaction. For a sufficiently closely spaced pair of substrate-pinned defects, this interaction could trigger rewiring, or annihilation if defects are depinned.
Keywords: line defects, topological defects, nematic liquid crystals, electric field, atomic force microscopy, numerical techniques, polarized optical microscopy
Published in DKUM: 18.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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Abstract: A power system is a facility that creates low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) with its highvoltage level and high electric current capacity. In this respect, these electromagnetic fields need to be significantly evaluated from the aspects of both those who are exposed to the fields due to the structure of the facility during their daily lives and those who are exposed to the fields due to their occupation. In this study, the transmission lines and substations in the power system of Turkey are evaluated on account of electric and magnetic field measurements. Firstly, the people living in general public zones near the transmission line or substation were examined. In another part of the study, measurements were made in the occupational exposure of the staff in the energy zone. The results obtained from measurements are compared with the limit values provided by the International Commission on Non%Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The measurements were performed by NARDA EFA-300 electromagnetic field measurement. The closest point to the ground was determined as the reference point for the measurements performed on transmission lines. The results for different distances were obtained by performing measurements following those reference points with fixed distances.
Keywords: electric field, ELF, electromagnetic filed, ICNIRP, magnetic field
Published in DKUM: 05.12.2023; Views: 424; Downloads: 7
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Abstract: In this thesis, we study the effect of an external electric field on the properties of glass forming liquids. We present the properties relevant and important for understanding the phenomenon, such as the transition temperature and the temperature dependence of viscosity. We create a numerical model and use a method called molecular dynamics with the Lennard-Jones potential and an added external field as the interatomic potential to simulate molecular motion within a glass forming liquid. We implement analysis methods to calculate properties such as the radial distribution function, static structure factor, diffusion coefficient, non-Gaussian parameter, and relaxation time. We use the implemented methods to evaluate the molecular behaviour of the simulation and compare the results with theoretical predictions.
Keywords: finite size, glass transition, diffusion constant, dynamic heterogeneity, electric field
Published in DKUM: 21.09.2016; Views: 1529; Downloads: 123
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