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A new approach to rebates after Intel case
Sandra Fišer Šobot, 2018, original scientific article

Abstract: Although heated debates are quite common in the law on abuses of dominant position, it is not an exaggeration to state that Intel case has generated an unusual storm of comments and discussions. In 2009, the European Commission fined Intel 1.06 billion % for abusing dominant position by granting exclusivity rebates. In 2014, the General Court rendered judgment in support of the European Commission's decision. In 2017, the Court of Justice of the European Union set aside that judgment and referred the case back to the General Court in order for it to examine Intel's arguments regarding the capacity of the rebates at issue to restrict competition. This long awaited ruling in the Intel case is so far one of the most important judgments regarding exclusivity rebates and Art. 102 TFEU enforcement. The paper addresses relevant issues and conclusions in relation to the exclusivity rebates. Additionally, the author attempts to assess possible effects and implications of the Courts of Justice's judgment.
Keywords: Art. 102 TFEU, abuse of dominant position, exclusivity rebates, the "as efficient competitor" test, effects-based approach
Published in DKUM: 15.01.2021; Views: 780; Downloads: 21
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Improving city transport with the objective to reduce CO2 emissions
Marjan Sternad, Matjaž Knez, Bojan Rosi, 2010, original scientific article

Abstract: In the past few years traffic volume is increasing. As a consequence, negative external traffic effects are increasing too, in particular CO2 emissions, which result in global warming and climate changes. CO2 emissions, a by-product of vehicles are much higher in cities due to traffic density. According to European standards, Celje is not a large city; however its traffic poses a great problem that the city authorities will soon be confronted with. This paper focuses on the city centre of Celje, where traffic flow was measured and CO2 emissions calculated. Using alternative solutions the aim was to present impacts on the environment in the municipality of Celje in an event of changed traffic regimes. In order to reach the guidelines of sustainable transport development in the municipality of Celje, in the future, different measures for reducing negative external effects of city transport will have to be put into force, for only this way the quality of city life can be improved and compatibility of environmental, economic and social objectives provided.
Keywords: city transport, traffic effects, CO2 emmisions, sustainable development, urban environment, systemic approach
Published in DKUM: 05.06.2012; Views: 2487; Downloads: 141
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