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Abstract: Background/Purpose: Empirical evidence suggests that a leader’s political skills may act as a moderator that might decrease the effect of prototypicality’s impact on trust and on leadership effectiveness. The study investigated leading political skills as second-level regulatory variables in connection to leader effectiveness and trust with the purpose of testing a cross-level moderated mediation model within a traditionally collectivist culture like Turkey in efforts to contextualize and expand understanding of leadership prototype perception. Methods: A total of 442 service sector employees and 28 executive managers were interviewed. Two surveys in two separate time periods were conducted. Multilevel path analysis was used to evaluate the hypotheses. Results: The findings suggest that there is a strong and significant impact of leader prototypicality on leadership effectiveness and a direct impact on trust. Results indicate that leaders who are trusted by their subordinates are perceived as more effective in their leadership roles. Lower levels of trust from subordinates are negatively associated with leader effectiveness. Conclusion: If leaders cannot provide their followers a contextualized sense of empowerment and development, they are perceived to not provide high levels of emotional trust. Therefore, there is greater need for multilevel contextualized studies taking account of collective, two-sided, embedded experiences within groups.
Keywords: leader political behavior, political skills, leader effectiveness, trust, social identity theory, Turkiye
Published in DKUM: 14.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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Abstract: Background and purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic brought about a shift in the way businesses operate, accelerating the adoption of digital communication tools. The study examines the effectiveness of communication tools in Slovak enterprises, comparing the dynamics before and during the pandemic. The study highlights the need for businesses to address communication-related issues. Methodology: An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the data. The representative survey sample consisted of 555 respondents. The results of the research were processed using the statistical tools McNemar Test, Pearsons Chi square test and Cramer’s V. Results: Before the pandemic, Slovak enterprises relied on traditional means of communication, with face-to-face meetings, phone calls and emails being the primary means of interaction. However, when the pandemic forced people to work from home, dependence on digital communication tools such as video conferencing and collaboration platforms increased significantly. Conclusion: The research findings indicate that during the pandemic, businesses recognized the importance of digital communication tools for sustaining business operations and employee collaboration. In conclusion, the Covid-19 pandemic was a catalyst for the transformation of communication practices in Slovak enterprises. The findings emphasise the continued importance of digital communication tools in the post-pandemic era and the need for businesses to strike a balance between traditional and digital communication methods in order to optimise overall effectiveness.
Keywords: communication, communication tools, effectiveness, Slovak companies, Covid-19
Published in DKUM: 13.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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Abstract: Four research questions and four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 34 respondents from each 6 schools, with a sample size of 204 was selected from the population of 1,518. The instrument titled LEVSLEQ was used to elicit response from the respondent. The reliability of the research instrument yielded a co-efficient of 0.82. The data was analyzed using dependent t-test and was tested at .05 level of significance. The findings indicated that environmental variable studied influence students' learning effectiveness.
Keywords: learning, environment, learning effectiveness, Students’, variables
Published in DKUM: 19.06.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 28
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Abstract: Purpose Despite corporate communications having an immense impact on corporate success, there is a lack of dedicated techniques for their management and visualization. A potential strategy is to apply business process management (BPM) approach with business process model and notation (BPMN) modeling techniques. Design/methodology/approach The goal of this study was to gain empirical insights into the cognitive effectiveness of BPMN-based corporate communications modeling. To this end, experimental research was performed in which subjects tested two modeling notations – standardized BPMN conversation diagrams and a BPMN extension with corporate communications-specific concepts. Findings Standard conversation diagrams were demonstrated to be more time-efficient for designing and interpreting diagrams. However, the subjects made significantly fewer mistakes when interpreting the diagrams modeled in the BPMN extension. Subjects also evolved positive perceptions toward the proposed extension. Practical implications BPMN-based corporate communications modeling may be applied to organizations to depict how formal communications are or should be performed consistently, effectively and transparently by following and integrating with BPM approaches and modeling techniques. Originality/value The paper provides empirical insights into the cognitive effectiveness of corporate communications modeling based on BPMN and positions the corresponding models into typical process architecture.
Keywords: corporate communication, BPMN, controlled experiment, conversation diagrams, cognitive effectiveness, modeling
Published in DKUM: 26.03.2024; Views: 224; Downloads: 30
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Abstract: The main purpose of business process diagrams is to facilitate the communication between the process-related stakeholders, which directly affects the decision-making. For this reason, they must be easy to understand. However, this is often challenging to achieve, since business process diagrams can become large and complex. This, in turn, can negatively affect their correctness and understandability. The goal of this doctoral thesis was to propose and investigate an approach that makes business process diagrams appear less complex, without changing the corresponding diagrammatic notation or the business process diagrams themselves. This was done by manipulating the opacity of graphical elements in order to emphasize the important parts of a business process diagram by lowlighting the irrelevant ones. The proposed solution, named Emphasis, implemented with opacity-based Graphical Highlight pattern, abbreviated as simply Graphical highlights, was subsequently applied to sample business process diagram, modeled in Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The analysis demonstrated that the structural complexity of the business process diagrams decreased when the proposed solution was applied. Afterwards, a Web application prototype was implemented, which supports the proposed set of Graphical highlights. Furthermore, we empirically validated whether Graphical highlights positively impact cognitive effectiveness of business process diagrams, and if the users will find the prototype implementation useful. To this end, an experimental research, which included 85 participants, was conducted. The participants were randomly assigned in either the treatment group (Graphical highlights diagram representation approach), or the control group (conventional diagram representation approach). In accordance with the definition of cognitive effectiveness, speed, ease, and accuracy of answering 26 comprehension questions were observed, along with the perceived usefulness of the prototype. The results of the analysis demonstrated that participants who used Graphical highlights significantly outperformed those that used the conventional approach in all experiment's observations. We can conclude that using Graphical highlights increases the cognitive effectiveness of business process diagrams, while the corresponding prototype implementation is perceived as being useful.
Keywords: process diagrams, emphasis, graphical highlights, cognitive effectiveness, controlled experiment, prototype implementation, BPMN
Published in DKUM: 21.12.2018; Views: 2454; Downloads: 173
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