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Abstract: Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in emerging economies, thus this research aims at assessing the current situation of Egyptian MSMEs under COVID-19 pandemic and identifying the role of Egyptian MSMEs in economic growth and development. This research adopted qualitative design; 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with different eco-system stakeholders and MSMEs’ managers using content analysis to analyse collected data based on NVivo software. The findings revealed the importance of MSMEs sector in the emerging markets as well as global ones. Additionally, MSMEs play a significant role in enhancing country’s economic growth and development, particularly in GDP, job opportunities, domestic products/services, national income, sub-contractor, and individual/society welfare. Furthermore, the findings identify the main challenges that face Egyptian MSMEs under COVID-19 implications through analysing the four main strategic factors and concluded by policy recommendations that could be implemented by MSMEs’ owners to take full advantage in the Egyptian context and their contribution on country’s economic growth.
Keywords: MSMEs sector, COVID-19, economic growth, egyptian context, policy action
Published in DKUM: 17.07.2024; Views: 127; Downloads: 22
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Abstract: The paper studies the effects of foreign (the US, the UK and the Chinese) and domestic economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shocks on unemployment in Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The analysis is run separately for the rates of adult and youth unemployment. Impulse responses derived from vector autoregressive models show that the magnitudes of the responses of the adult and youth segments of the labour market are quite different. Following an uncertainty shock, the youth unemployment rate increases significantly more than the adult unemployment rate. This is the case for France, Italy and Spain. The German labour market seems to be resistant to foreign (except Chinese) and domestic EPU shocks, while the remaining labour markets, foremost the Spanish and Italian ones, are susceptible to uncertainty shocks, especially to the US EPU shocks.
Keywords: economic policy uncertainty, youth unemployment, adult unemployment, spillover effects, impulse responses
Published in DKUM: 26.09.2023; Views: 370; Downloads: 34
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Abstract: This thesis investigates the impact of the exchange rate regime choice on participants in the economy. The usual approach to the investigate the impact of the exchange rate changes in the economy is to investigate how do the changes in the exchange rate value impact the changes in the inflation rate. In order to stabilize inflation many central banks often adopt fixed or very stable exchange rates. This thesis takes another approach entirely and contests the narrow view of the exchange rate to just inflation. This thesis postulates that the choices of the exchange rate regime in itself dictates the behavior of economic agents. Under different exchange rate regimes the economic participants will make different choices and the difference in choices will be exhibited in the economic data. So economies with different exchange rate regimes will have different data properties for same economic variables. The focus of analysis is the transition small open economies which have to make a choice between stable and variable exchange rate regime. The interaction between participants in the economy is investigated through a dynamic model with optimizing agents under two states: stable and variable exchange rate regime. The participants analyzed in the thesis are: central bank, banks, households, firms and governments. Each participant makes optimal choices under each state of the exchange rate regime. Once the model is implemented interactions between the participants is investigated and how different choices change the data behavior. The model created is heavily skewed towards the impact of the monetary policy on the economy and does not investigate deeply into the fiscal policies. The predictions from the model are compared to the actual data on a sample of 10 transition economies: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. The model does very well in terms of the monetary variables like foreign debt, household debt. From the data it is clear there are possible fiscal policies which could offset the effects of a particular exchange rate regime, but on the data set this was only done in Czech Republic. Comparing the model and the data it is clear the choice of the exchange rate regime and the change of the exchange rate regime (switch in the regime) does cause different economic behavior of economic participants. This brings another light to the influence of the monetary policy on the economy since from the model and the data it is clear the choice of the exchange rate regime play a significant role in the process of decision making of economic participants. The model predicts and the data confirms there is a considerable differences in the economic variables between the two regimes. The most striking differences are in: household debt and foreign debt. The model and the data both show the variable exchange rate is superior to stable exchange rate regime
Keywords: exchange rate regime, dynamic optimization, economic participants, monetary policy
Published in DKUM: 22.07.2014; Views: 1763; Downloads: 133
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Keywords: international economic relations, globalization, models, economic theories, economic equilibrium, regulation, international finances, tariffs, international traffic of payments, international banks, international banking, international trade, industrial policy, trade policy, exchange rate, international exchange, world, payments, open economy, macroeconomics, economic policy, developed countries, developing countries, multinational companies, balance of payments, texbooks, cases, case study
Published in DKUM: 02.06.2012; Views: 2307; Downloads: 66
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Keywords: international cooperation, cooperation, world economy, socio-economic development, globalization, knowledge, leadership, crises, sense, social change, economic structures, restructuring, economic policy, economic cooperation
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 1893; Downloads: 128
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