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Abstract: The world has become increasingly globalized, with the exchange of goods and services spanning continents, often leading to clashes between differently regulated legal systems. A prominent example of such a conflict arises in the context of digital health applications and the processing of personal data within them. Although in the sense of human rights, the rights to privacy and data protection are guaranteed to every person with numerous national and international legal acts, and secondary law and sectoral legislation that delves into this field. In Europe, personal health data are mainly regulated with GDPR, whereas in US the field is fragmented and regulated by sectoral regulations. The issue occurs when we deal with the protection of personal health data in the virtual world of health apps, which in the US remains in the grey zone without proper legal safeguards. US HIPAA, which governs personal health data at the federal level, does not protect all data provided to a health app, not even data provided to unlicensed counsel offering services through it.
Keywords: child's privacy, age limitation, informed consent, personal data and health applications, digitalisation
Published in DKUM: 17.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: Manifold technical developments have allowed immersive technologies - virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) realities and their fusion to mixed or extended reality (MR/XR) - to find their way into many areas of life and work. Given their almost infinite creative possibilities, they are also of great interest for pedagogy. But what are the possibilities and where are the limits, and where does Europe stand in this respect at all? To find answers, we have evaluated 25 EU projects dealing with VR/AR/XR-based learning.
Keywords: digitalisation of pedagogy, EU projects on VR/AR/XR, European education policy
Published in DKUM: 30.06.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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Abstract: An era of increased sustainable transport, the European inland navigation industry has received significant attention to attain sustainable transport. Tremendous opportunities to substantially move freight on waterways are present in the UK; however, several challenges have been appropriately addressed, including infrastructural gaps and various institutional support programs. The paper addresses the UK's current situation of inland navigation and the key challenges affecting the sectors as a viable alternative transport solution. The article explores and summarises the geographic opportunities, commercial feasibility, and the current condition of the UK'S inland navigation sector. From the practical scenario of the UK's experience, an attempt was made by the authors to find the critical challenges and issues faced by the industry. The emerging themes from the analysis of this paper indicated governance and leadership issues, cooperation, and coordination mechanism between establishments with various functions and responsibilities, merged with infrastructural investment, are strategic elements for expansion in the UK. Conclusively, the authors presented recommendations for improvement and sustainable development.
Keywords: inland waterway transport, decarbonisation, digitalisation, challenges, sustainable development, intermodal transport, modal shift, waterway infrastructure, investments
Published in DKUM: 06.03.2024; Views: 361; Downloads: 38
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Abstract: This dissertation examines the emergence of the gig economy under the impact of digitalisation, focusing on one alternative form of work – freelancing. Over the past two decades, new and contemporary occupational concepts have emerged in the context of technological advances and the reorganisation of employment relationships in the wake of digitalisation. Technology has enabled many things to be done online or remotely, and for work to be broken down into smaller components in the form of projects. Scholars explain that the most important innovations influenced by digitalisation are the development of new business models characterised by less dependence on physical elements or dematerialisation of processes, as seen in the “gig economy”. In the gig economy, very short-term tasks or projects within specific activities are performed by individual self-employed workers, usually coordinated through online platforms or applications. As a result, many workers are able to complete tasks in a more efficient and fragmented manner. Unlike traditional careers characterised by hierarchical advancement, organisational career management, and low mobility, many individuals are also becoming more mobile and self-directed in their careers. As a result of these developments, new work arrangements have emerged that are taking up an increasingly large share of the labour market in major economies (such as the US and UK), heightening concerns about how workers are classified and raising questions about entrepreneurship, future career development, work-life balance, employment law frameworks, and social protections. These flexible work arrangements are often referred to as alternative and are performed by independent contractors, known as freelancers. Therefore, the dissertation was carried out to examine this alternative form of work at the national level in Slovenia, and explore the issue of career satisfaction, and specifically whether freelance work allows fulfilment through project work. In this dissertation, a freelancer refers to a self-employed individual without employees who is responsible for paying their own taxes and welfare contributions, works on projects for multiple clients, and works remotely, usually from home. The development of the research model for the purposes of this dissertation is based on Van den Born and Van Witteloostuijn’s (2013) freelancer success model, which is based on the intelligent career framework that consists of three interrelated variables: knowing why, knowing how, and knowing who. The ‘knowing why’ variable mainly reflects our personality traits and motivation. The ‘knowing how’ variable reflects human capital, while the ‘knowing who’ variable reflects social capital inside and outside the workplace (Parker & Arthur, 2004). However, the external environment is missing in this model. Therefore, the dissertation also included the external part, i.e. the external environment consisting of the characteristics of the entrepreneurial ecosystem: government programs, cultural and social norms, legal system support, and digital support. As Slovenia and other EU member states are implementing national strategies for digital transformation, this dissertation provides insight into freelancers in Slovenia and their perceptions of certain aspects of external environmental factors, which may be helpful in evaluating current digital strategies and future policy proposals and decisions. Therefore, the main objective of the dissertation was to test a conceptual model that links multidimensional variables that influence the perceived success of freelancers based on a review of the literature and empirical research, and thus to learn certain specific characteristics of the group of entrepreneurial, self-employed individuals known as freelancers, and to determine the extent to which personality traits, human and social capital, and motivation of the individual, as well as a supportive environment (entrepreneurial ecosystem),
Keywords: digitalisation, gig economy, freelancers, predictors of success, structural model equation
Published in DKUM: 14.11.2022; Views: 1127; Downloads: 222
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