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Abstract: Uvod: Sladkorna bolezen tipa 1 je avtoimunska bolezen, ki zahteva vsakodnevno skrb za preprečevanje zapletov. Za otroke in mladostnike s to boleznijo je zdrav življenjski slog bistven za nadzor krvnega sladkorja in preprečevanje hiperglikemije. Namen zaključnega dela je bil analizirati vpliv socialnih omrežij na prehrano otrok in mladostnikov s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1. Metode: Izveden je pregled literature, ki smo jo iskali v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah Cochrane Library, PubMed, Sage, CINAHL, Web of Science ter ScienceDirect s pomočjo iskalne strategije. Rezultati so analizirani s pomočjo evalvacijske tabele ter razvrščeni po hierarhiji dokazov. Uporabljena je vsebinska analiza. Postopek iskanja literature je prikazan s PRISMA diagramom. Rezultati: V končno analizo so vključene štiri raziskave. Ugotovljeno je, da lahko na socialnih omrežjih otroci in mladostniki najdejo uporabne informacije, kot so prilagojeni jedilniki za sladkorne bolnike, nasveti za zdrav življenjski slog in informacije o novih tehnologijah za lažje spremljanje krvnega sladkorja. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovljeno je, da mediji lahko pozitivno vplivajo na izboljšanje življenja z DM1. Imajo pa tudi negativne vplive, kot je zavajanje k nezdravim prehranjevalnim navadam. Pomembno je raziskovanje socialnih omrežij, saj imajo velik vpliv na prehrano otrok s sladkorno boleznijo.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, dieta, družabna omrežja, prehranjevalne navade
Published in DKUM: 22.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 96
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Abstract: The purpose is to provide a twelve-month database review of screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 1428 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients screened in 2017 were analyzed in a retrospective study. Retinal photographs were reviewed by an ophthalmologist for the presence and stage of DR, as well as for additional nondiabetic findings. The following grading categories of DR were used: without DR, mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe nonproliferative NPDR, proliferative DR (PDR), clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and ungradable finding. Severe NPDR, PDR and CSME were classified as vision-threatening DR. Out of 1428 DM patients, 27 were diagnosed with type 1 DM and 1401 with type 2 DM, 353 of them had newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Without DR category was recorded in 85.2% of all eyes screened, 2.8% were ungradable, and 12% showed varying stages of DR. Vision-threatening DR was found in 2.8% and additional nondiabetic findings in 5.2% of all screened eyes. In the group of newly diagnosed type 2 DM, 92.5% of screened eyes were without DR, 3.1% were ungradable and 4.3% showed varying stages of DR. In the group of newly diagnosed type 2 DM, vision-threatening DR was recorded in 0.1% and additional nondiabetic finding in 5.7% of the eyes screened. In conclusion, a small proportion of screened DM patients with detected DR had vision-threatening DR.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, screening, proliferative retinopathy, maculopathy
Published in DKUM: 22.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects a patient’s physical, social, and mental well-being. Perceptions of the illness are linked to quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess illness perception in patients diagnosed with T2DM and to validate the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in the Slovenian language. A cross-sectional study involved 141 patients diagnosed with T2DM. We performed a content analysis of the questionnaire and estimated the S-CVI, I-CVI, kappa coefficient. We also used Cronbach’s alpha to assess the reliability. Participants did not have a very threatening perception of T2DM, but being overweight and having cardiovascular disease were significant contributors to a more threatening perception. The most frequently indicated factors influencing the onset and development of T2DM were heredity and genetics, stress and other psychological distress, and poor and inadequate nutrition. I-CVI ranged from 0.833 to 1.00, while the kappa is greater than 0.74, confirming the excellent validity of the questions. The content validity assessment of the questionnaire further confirms that the questionnaire is suitable for use with the target population in Slovenia. The questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess the relationship between illness perception and self-management of T2DM.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), illness perception, psychometric properties
Published in DKUM: 28.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with insulin resistance and the failure of β-cells to produce and secrete enough insulin as the disease progresses. However, clinical treatments based solely on insulin secretion and action have had limited success. The focus is therefore shifting towards α-cells, in particular to the dysregulated secretion of glucagon. Our qualitative electron-microscopy-based observations gave an indication that mitochondria in α-cells are altered in Western-diet-induced T2DM. In particular, α-cells extracted from mouse pancreatic tissue showed a lower density of mitochondria, a less expressed matrix and a lower number of cristae. These deformities in mitochondrial ultrastructure imply a decreased efficiency in mitochondrial ATP production, which prompted us to theoretically explore and clarify one of the most challenging problems associated with T2DM, namely the lack of glucagon secretion in hypoglycaemia and its oversecretion at high blood glucose concentrations. To this purpose, we constructed a novel computational model that links α-cell metabolism with their electrical activity and glucagon secretion. Our results show that defective mitochondrial metabolism in α-cells can account for dysregulated glucagon secretion in T2DM, thus improving our understanding of T2DM pathophysiology and indicating possibilities for new clinical treatments.
Keywords: diabetes, pancreatic alpha cells, glucagon, mitochondrial dysfunction, free fatty acid
Published in DKUM: 03.09.2024; Views: 49; Downloads: 11
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Abstract: Anatomical proximity and functional correlations between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas warrant reciprocal effects between the two parts. Inflammatory diseases of the exocrine pancreas, such as acute or chronic pancreatitis, or the presence of cystic fibrosis disrupt endocrine function, resulting in diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. Although novel mechanisms are being increasingly identified, the intra- and intercellular pathways regulating exocrine-endocrine interactions are still not fully understood, making the development of new and more effective therapies difficult. Therefore, this review sought to accumulate current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of diabetes in acute and chronic pancreatitis, as well as cystic fibrosis.
Keywords: diabetes of the exocrine pancreas, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, interaction
Published in DKUM: 14.08.2024; Views: 65; Downloads: 6
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