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Abstract: This study analyzed the fatigue failure of a parabolic spring made of 51CrV4 steel. A fracture mechanics approach was used to quantify the driving force and resistance for different loading configurations, inclusion sizes, and residual stresses. The analysis considered surface and internal initiation processes, including the impact of residual stresses introduced by shot peening. Key findings include the ability of the methodology to analyze the variables influencing fatigue resistance and failure configuration, the competition between surface and internal fracture processes, the limitation of residual stresses, the importance of minimizing the maximum inclusion size, and the potential for enhancing the propagation threshold for long cracks. The employed methodology facilitates not only the quantification but also the comprehension of the influence of the intrinsic material resistance on the fracture process.
Keywords: spring, fracture mechanics, short cracks, fatigue strenght estimation, small defect assessment
Published in DKUM: 26.03.2024; Views: 189; Downloads: 22
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Abstract: Specimens with martensitic microstructure were defected by tiny drilled holes with the existing local residual stresses induced by drilling and without them. The objective of this research was to determine the cyclic stress level for the crack initiation and fatigue limit of the defected and smooth specimens' dependence upon the residual-stress field. Compressive residual stresses retarded the crack initiation. Immediately after the crack initiation, residual stresses decelerated the short-crack propagation, but later, when the residual-stress sign was changed, they accelerated it. Non-propagating short-crack size and fatigue limit also depend on the residual-stress field.
Keywords: small defect, drilled hole, crack initiation, crack propagation, short crack, long crack, anomalous fast-crack propagation
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2015; Views: 1342; Downloads: 122
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Abstract: PVD hard coatings are continuously gaining their importance in different fields of applications. In industrial use, they are often exposed to corrosive environments. Hard coatings possess inherently good corrosion resistance, but the substrate-hard coating systems may suffer from a severe corrosion attack due to the defects (craters, pin holes) in the coatings. On the sites, where defects extend through the coating, pitting corrosion can take place. These sites are drawbacks in the applications of hard coating. A PVD TiAlN hard coating was prepared on cold-work, tool-steel (AISI D2) substrates by sputtering using unbalanced magnetron sources. The growth defects incorporated into the coating were studied after the deposition and corrosion experiments. We used two methods: (1) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for general overview of the coating topography and 2D-characterization of defects, and (2) scanning electron microscopy with a focused ion beam (SEM-FIB) for making serial cross-sections through the selected defects in order to provide images for a 3D-reconstruction of defects. In this work we tried to investigate the formation of a defect at a specific location and findout whether the selected defect causes pitting corrosion.
Keywords: trde prevleke, PVD prevleke, defekti, jamičasta korozija, mikrostruktura, PVD hard coating, defect, pitting corrosion, microstructure
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2015; Views: 1437; Downloads: 102
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Abstract: Structures exhibiting continuous symmetry breaking are extremely susceptible to various perturbations. The reason behind is the existence of Goldstone modes in the gauge component of the order parameter describing broken symmetry. The so-called Larkin-Imry–Ma argument claims that even infinitesimally weak random field-type disorder destroys long range order (LRO) which would otherwise be present in the absence of random disorder. Furthermore, it claims that the system breaks into domain type configuration having short range order (SRO), where the characteristic domain size scales as ksi= W^-2/(4-d). Here W measures the strength of random field interaction and d is the dimensionality of space. However, some studies claim that structures with quasi long range order (QLRO) are established instead of SRO. The main focus of this doctor thesis is the character of nematic structures in the random field. I studied theoretically and numerically nematic structures that are obtained by continuous symmetry breaking in orientational degrees of freedom on decreasing the temperature T, starting from the ordinary liquid, the so called isotropic phase. In particular, I investigated conditions for which the Larkin-Imry-Ma theorem holds true. So far statistical interpretations of such systems have typically used two different semi- microscopic type models: i) the Random Anisotropic Nematic (RAN) and ii) the Sprinkled Silica Spin (SSS) model. The RAN model is a Lebwohl-Lasher (LL) model with nematic molecules locally coupled with uncorrelated random anisotropic field at each site, while the SSS model has a finite concentration of impurities frozen in random directions. I used a three dimensional (d = 3) model intermediate between SSS and RAN models, with finite concentration p of frozen impurities, where p < pc (pc stands for the percolation threshold). The simulations were performed at different temperatures for temperature-quenched (TQH) and field-quenched histories (FQH), as well as for temperature-annealed histories (AH). The first two of these limits represent extreme histories encountered in typical experimental studies. Numerically, I studied the impact of control parameters (T, p, W) and history of samples (TQH, FQH, AH) on structural properties of the system. Within the model I was varying p, temperature T, interaction strength W and also sample histories. From final configurations, I calculated orientational order parameters and two-point correlation functions. Next, I estimated the size of the Larkin-Imry-Ma domains d. Finite size-scaling was also used to determine the range of the orientational ordering, as a function of W, p, T and sample history. The main results of my study are the following. In general, the system exhibited strong memory effects, indicating important role of history of samples. Furthermore, obtained results were relatively robust (from macroscopic point of view), indicating substantial energy barriers among competing states. On increasing the strength W, I typically obtained the following sequence of orders: LRO, QLRO, and SRO. For some concentrations p,however, SRO was absent. The crossover anchoring strength between QLRO and SRO strongly depends on history of samples, and it has the lowest values for TQH. From my simulations it follows that for the model used the Larkin-Imry-Ma argument holds only in limited range of model parameters. In most cases I obtain QLRO instead of SRO. However, in all structures there is imprint of Larkin-Imry-Ma domains, exhibiting scaling d  1/ (W2p) in the weak anchoring regime. This suggests that we do not have a “classical ” QLRO with algebraic decay with distance. Similar results were obtained in the studies of magnetic systems.
Keywords: nematic liquid crystals, topological defect, order parameter, symmetry breaking, domains, Random field, larkin-Imry–Ma theorem, speroNematics
Published in DKUM: 15.07.2014; Views: 1975; Downloads: 134
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