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Nanofiltration of the remaining whey after kefir grains’ cultivation
Marjana Simonič, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Acid whey is derived from fresh cheese. The proteins were isolated by a monolithic ion-exchange column. The remaining whey fraction was used as a starter culture substrate of kefir grains. The aim of this work was, firstly, to study the possibility of column replacement by a UF membrane. If we succeeded, the concentrate would be used as a starter culture substrate of kefir grains. The second part of the research was to purify the remaining solution. The idea was to separate this solution to the permeate and the concentrate by nanofiltration. Further application of both filtration streams was tested as aqueous solutions or dried matter. Chemical and microbiological analyses were performed of both the permeate and the concentrate. The permeate analyses showed that lactose had been fully removed. The aqueous permeate was not stable, mainly due to an increase of total bacteria from 103 to 106 CFU/mL. Therefore, the permeate was spray-dried. The dry permeate was added to the moisture solution in different concentrations. The results showed that up to 0.5% of the dry permeate could be added to the moisturizing solution, with negligible changes in properties having the ability to inhibit acne growth. Anaerobic digestion of industrial sludge was performed with the addition of an aqueous concentrate, which showed improvement in anaerobic fermentation.
Keywords: kefir grain cultivation, remaining whey, nanofiltration
Published in DKUM: 05.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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Hellebours niger : systematics, ecology, pollination and production technology
Andrej Šušek, 2021

Abstract: The scientific monograph covers the botanical classification of the genus Helleborus L. and the Christmas rose species (Helleborus niger L.), which has undergone numerous changes throughout its botanical history. The Christmas rose is becoming increasingly important in the ornamental plant market. Its characteristic flowering in the coldest months of the year represents a great advantage over many other species of ornamental plants. As the Christmas rose does not require high temperatures to start flowering, its cultivation can be considered affordable and environmentally friendly. The supply of attractive varieties is likely to be one of the key factors that will affect its popularity in the future. The number of genetically improved (bred) varieties is limited on the market, so selective breeding of Christmas rose will become inevitable in the future. The presented results of pollination analyses, related to insect activity, are important for breeding. Observations indicate that the Christmas rose is an entomophilous and a predominantly allogamous species. Knowledge of plant ecology and cultivation technology will also be exceptionally important. In intensive cultivation, the production technology for Christmas roses is still to a large extent incomplete. The monograph includes scientific findings on the ecology and biology of the Christmas rose, its reproductive processes, and the production technology for potted plants. The monograph also presents the results of the study on the effects of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi) on the growth and development of seedlings from in vivo and in vitro environments. The results of the study indicate that biotisation is a useful technology and that inoculation with specific microorganisms has a beneficial effect on growth.
Keywords: Christmas rose, Helleborus niger L., systematic, pollination, cultivation, beneficial microorganisms
Published in DKUM: 28.09.2021; Views: 1261; Downloads: 157
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