1. EU’s “Fit for 55” plan, its economic impact and intergovernmental perspectiveNoemia Bessa Vilela, Daniela Serra Castihlos, Anthony Murphy, Žan Oplotnik, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Sustainable development is a foundational element in European Union (EU) policies, yet there remains a lack of coherence among member states regarding the perception and response to environmental challenges, resulting in regional inequalities. The “Fit for 55” initiative by the EU is an ambitious strategy aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030, as part of its broader goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. This study investigates the economic impact and intergovernmental dynamics of the “Fit for 55” plan, analyzing its potential to not only meet environmental targets but also to foster economic resilience and social equity across the EU. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the “Fit for 55” initiative in harmonizing environmental goals with economic and social policies among diverse EU member states. The study reveals that while the initiative offers significant potential benefits, such as stimulating innovation and creating jobs in green industries, it also faces considerable challenges, including economic disparities among member states and the social impacts of rapid decarbonization. These findings highlight the need for integrated approaches that address both environmental sustainability and socio-economic equity.
Keywords: economics, law, EU law, EU Fit for 55, intergovernmental coordination
Published in DKUM: 02.07.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 19
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2. Integrated optimization framework for a biomass supply network and steam Rankine cycleMonika Dokl, Zdravko Kravanja, Lidija Čuček, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The optimization of biomass supply chains is becoming increasingly important, especially for low-density biomass feedstocks that have limited market value and require efficient handling and logistics. This study addresses this issue by proposing an integrated approach to optimize biomass supply chain networks for energy production with the steam Rankine cycle. The approach takes into account the inherent variability of feedstock availability and energy market values, to ensure adaptability to fluctuating conditions. The biomass supply network is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, where the optimization objective is to maximize the economic viability of the system. The optimal configuration of the supply network includes the selection of biomass supply zones and storage facilities, the transportation links, and the optimization of the process variables within the conversion plants, taking into account the variable heat demand. The optimization approach is applied to a hypothetical case study of a relatively small region in Slovenia. The results show the economic viability of biomass utilization with a net present value of almost 300 MEUR, generating about 4 MW of electricity and 65 MW of heat. The uncertainties of the biomass supply, the fluctuations in product prices and the spatial scope of the case study are evaluated in addition. This analysis highlights and discusses the impact of these factors on the economic performance of the biomass supply chain network.
Keywords: copper(II) coordination compounds, methylamines, crystal structure, magnetic properties, thermogravimetric analysis
Published in DKUM: 31.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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3. Micro-scale responses of granular materials under different confining pressures using the discrete element methodMahmud Sazzad, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: Biaxial compression tests were carried out on assemblies of ovals to study the micro-scale responses of granular materials under different confining pressures using the discrete element method (DEM). A total of 8450 ovals were generated in a rectangular frame without any overlap. Four dense samples were prepared from the initially generated sparse sample under different confining pressures. The simulated results yield a stress-straindilatancy behaviour similar to that observed in sands under different confining pressures. The evolution of the different microparameters and their inter-relationships are established. When the confining pressure is relatively high, the difference between the coordination number and the effective coordination number is very small; however, the difference is apparent for a low confining pressure. The microtopology of the granular assembly at several important states of shear is also reported. It is noted that the topological distribution of the granular materials is confining- pressure dependent. The normalized void-cell number is a minimum under the lowest confining pressure, whereas the same number is a maximum under the highest confining pressure. A linear relationship is observed between the normalized void-cell number and the effective coordination number, regardless of the confining pressures. The evolution of the deviatoric fabric for different confining pressures is measured and the macro-micro relationship is presented.
Keywords: microstructures, confining pressure, fabric, microtopology, coordination number, macro-micro relationship
Published in DKUM: 15.06.2018; Views: 1548; Downloads: 104
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4. Towards European Union or regional economic area : Western Balkans at crossroadsGazmend Qorraj, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: The aim of the paper is to reflect upon the dilemma or whether the EU will continue the integration process in the Western Balkans or backlash on regional cooperation instruments and initiatives within the framework of the Western Balkans. The Regional Economic Area (REA) is analyzed as the more recent policy of the European Union for the remaining Balkan countries. It is crucial to analyze the idea behind REA, starting from two main assumptions: first, the creation of REA stemmed from EU internal challenges; and second, REA came up as a creative EU approach in efforts to find a specific model for reforms in the Western Balkans in the frame of regional institutions. The paper also discusses regional trade and specifically the role of the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) in coordinating these initiatives in the Western Balkans. Taking into consideration the EU current challenges as well as difficulties of the Western Balkan countries to overcome the political and economic problems, then regional cooperation could appear as an alternative to the EU integration process for the Western Balkans. The main conclusion of this paper is that the Western Balkans needs the EU’s direct support, in particular, since RCC and other regional instruments cannot enforce, support and monitor the initiatives and reforms in the region.
Keywords: Western Balkans, integration, cooperation, coordination, regional, enlargement
Published in DKUM: 03.05.2018; Views: 1323; Downloads: 190
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5. Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new hydroxylammonium fluoroferrateBrina Dojer, Matjaž Kristl, Zvonko Jagličić, Amalija Golobič, Marta Kasunič, Mihael Drofenik, 2012, original scientific article Abstract: This paper reports on the synthesis of a new hydroxylammonium fluoroferrate, with the formula $(NH_3OH)_3FeF_6$, obtained after dissolving iron powder in hydrofluoric acid and adding solid $NH_3OHF$. This new compound has been characterized by chemical and thermal analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and magnetic measurements. The title compound crystallizes trigonal, R3c, with cell parameters a = 11.4154(2) Å, c = 11.5720(2) Å, Z = 6. The structure consists of $NH_3OH^+$ cations and isolated $FeF_6^{3–}$ octahedra in which the central ion lies on a threefold axis. The oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the hydroxylammonium cations are donors of hydrogen bonds to fluoride anions, resulting in a network of hydrogen bonds between counterions. The effective magnetic moment $µ_{eff}$ = 5.8 BM was calculated and perfectly matches the expected value of high-spin Fe(III) ions. The thermal decomposition of the compound was studied by TG, DSC, and X-ray powder diffraction.
Keywords: inorganic chemistry, crystallography, coordination compounds, synthesis, crystal structure, characterization of compounds, determination of the structure of compounds, X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, thermal analysis, TG, DSC, hydrogen bond, metal complexes, hydroxylammonium fluoromethalatehydroxylammonium, fluoroferrate
Published in DKUM: 25.08.2017; Views: 2076; Downloads: 70
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6. Synthesis and characterisation of hydroxylammonium fluorochromateMatjaž Kristl, Mihael Drofenik, Ljubo Golič, Amalija Golobič, 2003, original scientific article Abstract: Reactions in the system $Cr – NH_3OHF – HF – H_2O$ were investigated. Green crystals of a new compound with the formula $(NH_3OH)_3CrF_6$ have been isolated from the water solution and characterized by chemical analysis. The compound crystallizes as triclinic, P-1, with cell parameters: a = 6.5461(2) Å, b = 6.9347(2) Å, c = 9.4072(3) Å, α = 86.772(1)°, β = 83.804(1)°, γ = 70.283(1)°. The effective magnetic moment, $µ_{eff}$ = 3.82 BM, was calculated from magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 80-290 K. The thermal decomposition of the compound was studied by TG and DSC analysis. $(NH_3OH)_3CrF_6$ decomposes above 125 °C in three steps and the residue has been identified by X-ray powder diffraction as $α – Cr_2O_3$.
Keywords: inorganic chemistry, structural chemistry, crystalline structure, coordination compounds, synthesis, inorganic reactions, thermal decomposition, characterization of compounds, TG, DSC, X-ray diffraction, chromium complexes, hydroxylammonium fluoro chromates, crystals
Published in DKUM: 25.08.2017; Views: 1893; Downloads: 115
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7. The crystal and molecular structures of two reaction products of geminal dicyano oxirane with thiohydantoine (compound I) and thioxobenzoxazole (compound II)Ivan Leban, Alenka Majcen Le Marechal, Albert Robert, 1993, original scientific article Abstract: The crystal and molecular structures of two reaction products of geminal dicyano oxiranes with thiohydantoione and thioxobenzoxazole have been determinated from ▫$Mo-K_\alpha$▫ X-ray diffraction data. The two reaction products were: 2H-2-(p-tolyl)-imidazol[1,2-b]thiazole-3,6-dione (compound I) and Z-3-benzoxazole-3-phenyl-2-oxo-2-propanenitrile (compound II) with the following crystal data at 293(1) K: Compound I, ▫$C_{12}H_{10}N_2O_2S$▫, monoclinic ▫$P2_1/c$▫, a=15057(3), b=5.200(3), c=14.724(4) Å, ▫$\beta=104.24(3)°$▫, Z=4; final R and ▫$R_w$▫ values were 0.034 and 0.049 for1647 observed reflexions. Compound II, ▫$C_{16}H{10}N_2O_2$▫, monoclinic, ▫$P2_1/n$▫, a=14.396(3), b=4.326(1), c=21.335(4) Å, ▫$\beta-107.79(1)°$▫, Z=4;final R and ▫$R_w$▫ values 0.040 and 0.053 for 1516 observed reflections.
Keywords: organic chemistry, crystal structure, chemical reactions, oxiranes, coordination compounds, structural chemistry
Published in DKUM: 05.07.2017; Views: 1572; Downloads: 118
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8. GOLJUFIJA NA ŠKODO EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTIJure Blažič, 2010, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Kaznivo dejanje goljufije na škodo Evropskih skupnosti je Republika Slovenija v svoj pravni red uvedla z novim Kazenskim zakonikom, ki je v veljavi od 1. novembra 2008. S tem je izpolnila še zadnji del obveznosti, ki jih je sprejela s tem, ko je z zakonom ratificirala Konvencijo o zaščiti finančnih interesov Evropskih skupnosti, vključno z njenimi protokoli.
Na podlagi navedene konvencije so bili v nedavni preteklosti sprejeti številni praktični ukrepi v boju zoper goljufije, ki imajo za posledico oškodovanje proračunskih sredstev Evropske unije. Ustanovljen je bil Evropski urad za boj proti goljufijam — OLAF. V vseh državah članicah podpisnicah konvencije delujejo operativne službe AFCOS, ki sodelujejo s tem uradom.
Sprejetje in uveljavitev Lizbonske pogodbe, ki ustanavlja še tesnejšo zvezo med državami članicami, ponuja še dodatne ukrepe, ki se lahko sprejmejo na tem področju. Pravno urejanje na področju kazenskega prava bo mogoče tudi preko uredb in direktiv, kar bo olajšalo unifikacijo prava na tem področju. Prav tako je pomembna novost ustanovitev Evropskega javnega tožilstva, čigar naloga bo v prvi vrsti prav varovanje skupnih finančnih interesov.
Prav tako se v prihodnosti pričakuje uveljavitev t.i. Corpus Iurisa kazenskopravnih določb, ki bo prav tako urejal predmetno tematiko.
Z vsemi navedenimi ukrepi se nudijo realne možnosti za izgradnjo trdnega sistema javnih financ v okviru Evropske unije, to pa vodi k tesnejši nadnacionalni zvezi in k večjemu zaupanju evropskih državljanov v njene institucije.
Keywords: goljufija na škodo Evropskih skupnosti, proračun Evropske unije, Konvencija o zaščiti finančnih interesov Evropskih skupnosti, Evropski urad za boj proti goljufijam – OLAF, Anti-Fraud Coordination Service – AFCOS
Published in DKUM: 04.05.2010; Views: 4499; Downloads: 552
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