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Abstract: This paper presents and discusses the results of the “2022 International Computational Fluid Dynamics Challenge on violent expiratory events” aimed at assessing the ability of different computational codes and turbulence models to reproduce the flow generated by a rapid prototypical exhalation and the dispersion of the aerosol cloud it produces. Given a common flow configuration, a total of 7 research teams from different countries have performed a total of 11 numerical simulations of the flow dispersion by solving the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) or using the Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) or hybrid (URANS-LES) techniques. The results of each team have been compared with each other and assessed against a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the exact same flow. The DNS results are used as reference solution to determine the deviation of each modeling approach. The dispersion of both evaporative and non-evaporative particle clouds has been considered in 12 simulations using URANS and LES. Most of the models predict reasonably well the shape and the horizontal and vertical ranges of the buoyant thermal cloud generated by the warm exhalation into an initially quiescent colder ambient. However, the vertical turbulent mixing is generally underpredicted, especially by the URANS-based simulations, independently of the specific turbulence model used (and only to a lesser extent by LES). In comparison to DNS, both approaches are found to overpredict the horizontal range covered by the small particle cloud that tends to remain afloat within the thermal cloud well after the flow injection has ceased.
Keywords: numerical simulations, computational fluid dynamics
Published in DKUM: 28.03.2024; Views: 456; Downloads: 453
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Abstract: The auxetic cellular structures are one of the most promising metamaterials for vibration damping and crash absorption applications. Therefore, their use in the bicycle handlebar grip was studied in this work. A preliminary computational design study was performed using various auxetic and non-auxetic geometries under four load cases, which can typically appear. The most representative geometries were then selected and fabricated using additive manufacturing. These geometries were then experimentally tested to validate the discrete and homogenised computational models. The homogenised computational model was then used to analyse the biomechanical behaviour of the handlebar grip. It was observed that handle grip made from auxetic cellular metamaterials reduce the high contact pressures, provide similar stability and hereby improve the handlebar ergonomics.
Keywords: auxetic cellular structures, computational simulations, experimental testing
Published in DKUM: 23.05.2023; Views: 413; Downloads: 46
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Abstract: The purpose of this research was to describe the thermal transport properties in closed-cell cellular metals. Influence of cell size variations with different pore gases has been investigated with transient computational simulations. Heat conduction through the base material and gas in pores (cavities) was considered, while the convection and radiation were neglected in the initial stage of this research. First, parametric analysis for definingthe proper mesh density and time step were carried out. Then, two-dimensional computational models of the cellular structure, consisting of the base material and the pore gas, have been solved using ANSYS CFX software within the framework of finite volume elements. The results have confirmed theexpectations that the majority of heat is being transferred through the metallic base material with almost negligible heat conduction through the gas in pores. The heat conduction in closed-cell cellular metals is therefore extremely depended on the relative density but almost insensitive regarding tothe gas inside the pore, unless the relative density is very low.
Keywords: heat transfer, cellular metal materials, porous materials, closed cells, gas fillers, computational simulations
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 2314; Downloads: 102
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Abstract: The study describes the behavior of regular closed-cell cellular structure with gaseous fillers under impact conditions and consequent post-impact thermal conduction due to the compression of filler gas. Two dependent but different analyses types have been carried out for this purpose: (i) a strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction and (ii) a weakly coupled thermal- structural analysis. This paper describes the structural analyses of the closed-cell cellular structure under impact loading. The explicit code LS-DYNA was used to computationally determine the behavior of cellular structure under compressive dynamic loading, where one unit volume element of the cellular structure has been discretised with finite elements considering a simultaneous strongly coupled interaction with the gaseous pore filler. Closed-cell cellular structures with different relative densities and initial pore pressures have been considered. Computational simulations have shown that the gaseous filler influences the mechanical behavior of cellular structure regarding the loading type, relative density and type of the base material. It was determined that the filler's temperature significantly increases due to the compressive impact loading, which might influence the macroscopic behavior of the cellular structure.
Keywords: mechanics, cellular structures, closed cells, gas fillers, impact loading, fluid-structure interaction, dynamic loads, LS-DYNA, ANSYS CFX 10.0, computational simulations
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2012; Views: 1851; Downloads: 36
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