1. Labour law aspects of child labour in the information ageMojca Tancer Verboten, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: The article analyses the labour law aspects of child labour in the information age. It presents in detail the specific features related to the regulation of child labour and the possibilities of applying labour law legislation particularly to the work of children under the age of 15, pupils and students. Three sections are discussed: the normative regulation of child labour, the specific features of performing light work by children, the special protection provisions that apply to child labour, and the specific features related to digital child labour, which is emerging as a new form of work. The basic hypothesis in the article is that when defining child labour and the emergence of new forms of work, such as the work of information child influencers, it is necessary to regulate this appropriately in a way that takes into account the specific features of the situation of children who perform such work so that such work does not harm their safety, health, morality, education and development. Keywords: kidfluencers, special protection provisions, child health and safety, child exploitation, digital work Published in DKUM: 17.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. 35 years of child rights and the emerging right to a healthy environmentCocou Marius Mensah, Zorica Brajovič Mensah, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: As of November 20, 2024, 35 years have passed since the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989, a unique and binding instrument that enshrined, for the first time in international law, a comprehensive set of rights for children across the globe. While the UNCRC has driven significant progress since its adoption in 1989, emerging challenges, particularly digitalisation and the climate crisis, reveal critical gaps in its implementation. This article evaluates three decades of achievements in child rights protection, identifies persistent shortcomings, and examines the urgent need to address environmental degradation as a violation of children’s rights. Through an analysis of international legal provisions and landmark cases, the authors argue for stronger enforcement mechanisms to uphold children’s right to a healthy environment. Keywords: child rights, right to a healthy environment, climate litigation, UNCRC, environmental human rights Published in DKUM: 17.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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3. Children's right to privacy in the virtual world of appsSuzana Kraljić, Ema Turnšek, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: The world has become increasingly globalized, with the exchange of goods and services spanning continents, often leading to clashes between differently regulated legal systems. A prominent example of such a conflict arises in the context of digital health applications and the processing of personal data within them. Although in the sense of human rights, the rights to privacy and data protection are guaranteed to every person with numerous national and international legal acts, and secondary law and sectoral legislation that delves into this field. In Europe, personal health data are mainly regulated with GDPR, whereas in US the field is fragmented and regulated by sectoral regulations. The issue occurs when we deal with the protection of personal health data in the virtual world of health apps, which in the US remains in the grey zone without proper legal safeguards. US HIPAA, which governs personal health data at the federal level, does not protect all data provided to a health app, not even data provided to unlicensed counsel offering services through it. Keywords: child's privacy, age limitation, informed consent, personal data and health applications, digitalisation Published in DKUM: 17.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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4. Children's Rights in the Sustainable and Digital Environments : Exploring Opportunities and Challenges: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges2025, proceedings Abstract: The scientific monograph ‘Children's Rights in the Sustainable and Digital Environments: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges’ addresses current and carefully selected topics in the field of children's rights. It specifically focuses on issues where the authors critically analyze and discuss the protection of children's rights in the context of sustainable development and digital transformation, as well as the challenges posed by both environments. The contributors engage in critical discourse and offer in-depth analyses of children's rights from both substantive and procedural legal perspectives, examining developments at the national level as well as within the international legal framework. They clearly identify inconsistencies, shortcomings, and difficulties that children's rights face in the context of sustainability and digitalization. In their contributions, the authors emphasize the importance of safeguarding children's rights in judicial proceedings and highlight the role and responsibilities of both national and international actors in this field. They further discuss selected aspects of children's vulnerability and violations of their rights, especially in relation to children affected by armed conflict, those living in crisis regions, and children with disabilities, web. Keywords: children's rights, best interests of the child, vulnerability, digitalization, sustainability Published in DKUM: 16.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 11
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5. From digital technology to healthy habits : interdisciplinary foundations for developing training programs for a healthy lifestyle among childrenKosta Dolenc, Samo Fošnarič, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This article explores the impact of digital technology on children’s development, focussing on the physical, cognitive, and emotional domains. The introduction emphasises the benefits of digital tools for education and language acquisition, but also points out the associated risks such as physical inactivity, sleep disturbances and mental health problems. A rigorous methodological approach ensures the inclusion of high-quality data, while subsequent sections explore key themes, including the interplay between screen time, physical activity, and diet. The conclusion emphasises interdisciplinary interventions, including the ZŽS project framework, which integrates technology, health, and environmental responsibility. This approach aims to promote healthier lifestyle choices. Keywords: digital technology, mental health, child development, physical activity Published in DKUM: 02.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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6. The reform of family mediation in SloveniaKatja Drnovšek, Suzana Kraljić, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Slovenian experience with ADR, including mediation, is relatively recent, with the first courtaffiliated mediation program introduced in 2001 at the District Court in Ljubljana. The formal adoption of various legal instruments, most notably the Act on Mediation in Civil and Commercial Matters in 2008 and the Act on Alternative Dispute Resolution in Judicial Matters in 2010 represented a significant step forward in facilitating a wider access to mediation. However, it was only in 2019 that the new Family Code introduced further reforms of family mediation within the scope of a comprehensive reform of Slovenian family law. Among other notable developments, it newly defined family mediation, provided legal grounds for mediation conducted before and after court proceedings and responsible authorities, determined the rules on appointing mediators, as well as special rules for mediation conducted in family matters, and authorised the ministry responsible for family affairs with several supervisory and organisational tasks. The article analyses the new legal framework for family mediation, comparing it with court-affiliated procedures, and examines its success as demonstrated by the available statistical data. Keywords: mediation in family matters, reform of family law, court-affiliated mediation, mediation at social work centres, child’s best interest in mediation procedures Published in DKUM: 04.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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7. Slovenia : empowering families – legal instruments for supporting children, parents, and families amidst demographic challengesSuzana Kraljić, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Like other countries, the Republic of Slovenia also faces selected demographic challenges, which have significant impacts on the field of family law and family relationships. Rapid demographic changes require various measures by the authorities of the Republic of Slovenia (e.g., ministries, courts, social work centers, etc.), which provide appropriate solutions and adaptations to changing demographic structures (e.g., aging population, delayed childbirth, poverty). The author analyzes selected family law financial instruments through which the Republic of Slovenia supports families and their family members. These instruments and measures extend to many areas, which are common in their importance for the formation of the family itself (e.g., legal regulation in the field of reproductive health and assisted reproductive technologies). Likewise, instruments and measures supporting parenthood, families, and children are presented, whether from the perspective of education, healthcare, labor law, or social aspects. Changes perceived in family law in recent years are also analyzed, which have also contributed to significant demographic shifts and required legislative changes in the Republic of Slovenia (e.g., same-sex partnerships, joint adoption by same-sex partners, an increase in couples seeking medical assistance in conceiving a child). The author thus addresses and links contemporary demographic changes with measures aimed at strengthening families and addressing the diverse needs of children, parents, and families in the developing demographic context of the Republic of Slovenia. In doing so, the importance of holistic approaches addressing not only material needs but also emotional, social, and developmental aspects is emphasized, as only then can the strengthening of family and child welfare amidst the significant demographic challenges be ensured. Keywords: demographic changes, family support instruments, child’s best interest, family and child protection, reproductive health, education, parenthood Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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8. Challenges of international adoption in Bosnia and HerzegovinaAnita Duraković, Ramajana Demirović, Jasmina Alihodžić, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Adoption is a special form of family-legal protection of children without parental responsibility, which establishes the parental relationship. We distinguish adoption that takes place within the borders of one country, i.e. internal adoption, and cross-border adoption, i.e. international adoption. The international element can appear in subjects of adoption, i.e. with regard to their citizenship, domicile or habitual residence, and the place of adoption. The focus of the work is the legislative framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina for cases of international adoption, especially the situation of establishing the international adoption of a domestic citizen in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the situation of establishing the international adoption of a foreign citizen abroad in the service of child healthcare and child welfare. Considering the numerous challenges that exist in this matter, the existence of a complete and high-quality normative framework is a condicio sine quo non for successful and legally valid international adoption. In this context, and aware of the importance of the Hague Convention on Adoption from 1993 and the need to harmonize the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the acquis of the European Union and the comparative trends in comparative law, proposals for lege ferenda were made. Keywords: international adoption, child healthcare, conflict of law rules, international jurisdiction, recognition of foreign decisions on adoption Published in DKUM: 28.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 11
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9. Legal dilemmas about mandatory childhood vaccination in EuropeSebastian Czechowicz, Rafał Kubiak, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Compulsory childhood and adolescent vaccination are a controversial issue in the public arena. They also pose a challenge on the ground of legal sciences. This article is devoted to a dogmatic-legal analysis of the type of legally protected goods that are restricted in connection with mandatory vaccination (among others: the right to respect for private and family life, personal freedom, the right to self- determination) and those values that vaccination is in principle supposed to protect (public health, life, and health of children). The article analyses in detail the ruling of the European Court of Human Rights, which seems to be a breakthrough. On the one hand, it ends the dispute pending before the Court and, on the other, it opens the field for further discussion on the essence of mandatory vaccinations. The research has been carried out by using the dogmatic-legal method, the method of analysis and criticism of literature, the method of analysis of case law and the statistical method. In the presented research results, reports and statistical data of international bodies concerning the level of vaccination among children and adolescents in Europe were used. Keywords: child, countering the spread of communicable diseases, European Court of Human Rights, fundamental rights, public health Published in DKUM: 28.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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10. Climate change and air pollution : the twin threats to children’s health and well-beingElijah Sriroshan Sritharan, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Environmental factors, such as air pollution and climate change, significantly contribute to the global burden of disease and are critical to understanding health disparities between countries, with low- and middle-income nations facing the highest environmental health burdens across various diseases and injuries. While health is universally acknowledged as both a fundamental human need and a basic human right, yet the harmful effects of unhealthy environments disproportionately impact children. Research indicates that pre- and post-natal exposures to environmental toxicants can disrupt brain and lung development, impairing their function. These health impacts are distributed unequally, with marginalised populations experiencing greater harm. The IPCC identifies fossil fuel combustion as the primary driver of climate change. Epidemiological studies further highlight the existing and future consequences of climate change, including its effects on infectious diseases, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and mental well-being. Keywords: environmental toxicants, convention on the rights of the child, United Nations framework convention on climate change, human rights-based approach, sustainable development goals Published in DKUM: 28.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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