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2. Labour law aspects of child labour in the information ageMojca Tancer Verboten, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: The article analyses the labour law aspects of child labour in the information age. It presents in detail the specific features related to the regulation of child labour and the possibilities of applying labour law legislation particularly to the work of children under the age of 15, pupils and students. Three sections are discussed: the normative regulation of child labour, the specific features of performing light work by children, the special protection provisions that apply to child labour, and the specific features related to digital child labour, which is emerging as a new form of work. The basic hypothesis in the article is that when defining child labour and the emergence of new forms of work, such as the work of information child influencers, it is necessary to regulate this appropriately in a way that takes into account the specific features of the situation of children who perform such work so that such work does not harm their safety, health, morality, education and development.
Keywords: kidfluencers, special protection provisions, child health and safety, child exploitation, digital work
Published in DKUM: 17.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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3. Protection of workers in relation to the use of artificial intelligence in the workplaceAsja Lešnik, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on all stages of the employment relationship and analyses whether the current legal framework adequately protects workers from the risks posed by the use of AI in the workplace. The focus is on Slovenian labour law, while also considering relevant international and EU legal sources such as the AI Act, the Directive on Improving Working Conditions in Platform Work, the GDPR, and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The author addresses legal challenges including discrimination, data protection, privacy, occupational safety and health, and liability for damages. The article finds that while some protective mechanisms already exist, none of the analysed legal sources comprehensively regulate AI use in employment relationships. To ensure effective worker protection, the author argues for either the amendment of current laws or the adoption of dedicated legislation. Since AI will play an even more significant role in Labour Law in the future, it is crucial for the law to adapt in a timely manner to the new challenges posed by AI.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, algorithmic management, automation of work processes, discrimination, data protection, privacy protection, occupational safety and health, liability, worker protection, legal framework
Published in DKUM: 02.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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4. Consumer protection in the electricity market in the European Union and Slovenia : vulnerable customers and emergency supplyNina Sotošek, Peter Virtič, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The article examines consumer protection in the electricity market, focusing on vulnerable customers and the right to emergency supply. At EU level, it outlines the development from the energy legislative packages to Directive (EU) 2019/944, which strengthens consumer rights and requires Member States to define and protect vulnerable groups. In Slovenia, these issues are regulated by Article 33 of the Electricity Supply Act (ZOEE), implemented through the System Operating Instructions (SONDSEE) and the Energy Agency’s act on criteria for ensuring emergency supply. The article applies normative and comparative legal analysis, reviews the Energy Agency’s Annual Reports, and analyzes case law. The findings reveal a gap between regulation and practice, as only one request for emergency supply was approved in Slovenia, in 2019. It proposes clearer criteria, simpler procedures, and more effective consumer information, particularly for vulnerable groups, to ensure the right to emergency supply is realized in practice.
Keywords: consumer protection, vulnerable customers, emergency supply, electricity market, ZOEE, Directive (EU) 2019/944, energy poverty, Energy Agency
Published in DKUM: 01.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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5. The protection of sensitive personal data and privacy in the US and EU with a focus on health data circulating through health appsEma Turnšek, Suzana Kraljić, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: In today’s modern world, we have more than one global actor leading the economy and rapid technological development. The article focuses specifically on the right to sensitive data protection, or more broadly the right to privacy, in American and in EU legal system. This paper shows distinctions between the two and systematically demonstrates the protection of personal data in EU through years. Exploring these distinctions and different interpretations of the right to data protection is significant, because of the potential impacts on the consumer in particular, possibly resulting in being granted different rights when acquiring services in the EU or America. We will also analyse the fundamental legal acts, which are the cornerstones of data privacy. As its main focus, the article will also examine the provisions concerning sensitive personal data, in particular health data. Furthermore, the article will study some specific concerns in connection to the American smart phone, smartwatch and computer health apps that are not fully compliant with basic EU legal principles, human rights or the General Data Protection Regulation. While the technology is so advanced and users may access these apps from anywhere across the world, such apps, and their privacy policies or other typical contracts, should comply with the relevant legislation, valid in the state of user’s nationality or remaining. The paper examines and substantiates the latter through two recent cases. In one, data breaches were punished by imposing a relatively high fine, and in the other case example, no punitive action was yet taken. That being said, the article argues the insufficient data protection framework that does not necessarily provide a consumer with appropriate safeguards, which is especially relevant in cases of transmission of personal health data.
Keywords: data protection, privacy, sensitive Data, EU vs. US Legal Systems, health Data
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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6. Slovenia : empowering families – legal instruments for supporting children, parents, and families amidst demographic challengesSuzana Kraljić, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Like other countries, the Republic of Slovenia also faces selected demographic challenges, which have significant impacts on the field of family law and family relationships. Rapid demographic changes require various measures by the authorities of the Republic of Slovenia (e.g., ministries, courts, social work centers, etc.), which provide appropriate solutions and adaptations to changing demographic structures (e.g., aging population, delayed childbirth, poverty). The author analyzes selected family law financial instruments through which the Republic of Slovenia supports families and their family members. These instruments and measures extend to many areas, which are common in their importance for the formation of the family itself (e.g., legal regulation in the field of reproductive health and assisted reproductive technologies). Likewise, instruments and measures supporting parenthood, families, and children are presented, whether from the perspective of education, healthcare, labor law, or social aspects. Changes perceived in family law in recent years are also analyzed, which have also contributed to significant demographic shifts and required legislative changes in the Republic of Slovenia (e.g., same-sex partnerships, joint adoption by same-sex partners, an increase in couples seeking medical assistance in conceiving a child). The author thus addresses and links contemporary demographic changes with measures aimed at strengthening families and addressing the diverse needs of children, parents, and families in the developing demographic context of the Republic of Slovenia. In doing so, the importance of holistic approaches addressing not only material needs but also emotional, social, and developmental aspects is emphasized, as only then can the strengthening of family and child welfare amidst the significant demographic challenges be ensured.
Keywords: demographic changes, family support instruments, child’s best interest, family and child protection, reproductive health, education, parenthood
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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7. Cessante ratione legis, cessat ipsa lex? : data and privacy protection in the digitized energy sector amidst green and digital transformation processesZoran Dimović, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The ex ante regulation of green and digital transformation processes is set to significantly impact personal data and privacy protection in the digitalized energy sector. Although the drive for digitization aligns with EU values, goals, and objectives, it does not inherently ensure compliance with fundamental human rights. While general rules for personal data and privacy protection are sufficiently flexible to allow for appropriate interpretation, implementing sector-specific human rights regulations would enhance legal certainty. This is particularly crucial given the heightened sensitivity of the electricity sector compared to natural gas or heat. The observed lack of standardization in the digitalization of the energy sector is likely to become even more pronounced with the continued development of digital technologies. This increasing complexity underscores the need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks that address both the opportunities and challenges presented by the green and digital transformation. These considerations have significant implications for policymakers, academics, and legal practitioners. Understanding and addressing these issues is essential for ensuring that the transformation processes in the energy sector are conducted in a manner that respects personal data and privacy protection while advancing sustainable and digital innovation. The development of robust and specific regulations will be key to balancing these objectives and ensuring the protection of fundamental human rights in an increasingly digitalized energy landscape.
Keywords: data protection, digitized energy sector, energy law, EU core values, green and digital transformation, privacy protection, public law
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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8. Digital transformation of health : towards the European health data spaceMaja Proso, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The European space for health data (EHDS) is the first European proposal for the arrangement of a specific area common to the entire EU. The main goals are enabling citizens to control and use their own health data, nationally and throughout the EU (primary use of health data), cross-border exchange of health data and building a single market for digital health services. A further goal is to create an effective legal framework for the use of health data for research and innovation purposes (secondary use of health data), as well as the establishment of electronic health records and the development of a health data management system. In the paper author presents the concept of health data privacy in digital age and analyses the current health data protection legal framework. The paper examines the provisions of the EHDS Proposal, critically analyising the proposed terms of primary and secondary use of health data, as well as it's rules on data portability and interoperability.
Keywords: data protection, European space for health data, primary use of health data, secondary use of health data
Published in DKUM: 28.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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9. The right to privacy and data protection in European healthcare systems with an emphasis on the relevant case law and European legislationEma Turnšek, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Are personal data and information, which we trust entirely to healthcare systems, sufficiently protected? The article deals with the crossroads of law and medicine, specifically at the point where the right to data protection of a patient is being breached or insufficiently protected by law. In this regard, we have to first learn what is the actual scope of person’s right to (medical) data protection and second, understand when is that breached. The article analyses the origin of data protection and its historical development to find its core meaning. Further, it seeks the limits of data protection’s scope with the content of other related rights. With a comprehensive overview of European case law, the article exposes some serious violations of individual’s right to (medical) data protection.
Keywords: right to dignity, right to privacy, right to data protection, fundamental human rights, medical data protection
Published in DKUM: 28.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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10. Targeted advertising and the (children's) right to privacy - remedies of ex-ante and ex-post regulationRok Dacar, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: This paper analyses how instruments of economic regulation can be used to protect the right to the protection of personal data, especially in relation to vulnerable societal groups, such as children. In this regard, it analyses the Bundeskartellamt’s Facebook decision that established an unprecedented connection between competition law and data protection law, as well as the Digital Markets Act, which imposes several positive and negative obligations on companies branded as “gatekeepers,” which could also increase the level of personal data protection. It is concluded that instruments of economic regulation can have a profound impact on data protection issues, although addressing them is not their primary goal.
Keywords: abuse of market dominance, right to the protection of personal information, Facebook, Bundeskartellamt, Digital Markets Act
Published in DKUM: 19.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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