1. Antibacterial and anticandidal activity of Tylosema esculentum (marama) extractsWalter Chingwaru, Gyebi Duodu, Yolandi Van Zyl, Schoeman, Runner Majinda, Sam Yeboah, Jose Jackson, Petrina Kapewangolo, Kandawa-Shulz, Minnaar, Avrelija Cencič, 2011, original scientific article Abstract: Bean and tuber extracts of Tylosema esculentum (marama) – an African creeping plant – were obtained using ethanol, methanol and water. Based on information that T. esculentum is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, the antibacterial and anticandidal effects of tuber and bean extracts were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, ATCC 6538), Mycobacterium terrae (ATCC 15755), Corynebacterium diphtheriae (clinical) and Candida albicans (ATCC 2091). We performed the broth microdilution test for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a method to determine survival of microorganisms after in vitro co-incubation with the highest concentrations of T. esculentum extracts, followed by assessment of colony counts. Ethanol and methanol (phenolic) bean extracts exhibited higher potency against bacteria and yeast than aqueous extracts. Marama bean seed coat crude ethanolic extract (MSCE) and seed coat polyphenolic fractions, especially soluble-bound fraction (MSCIB), were highly antimicrobial against M. terrae, C. diphtheriae and C. albicans. All marama bean polyphenolic fractions, namely cotyledon acidified methanol fraction (MCAM), seed coat acidified methanol fraction (MSCAM), cotyledon insoluble-bound fraction (MCIB), seed coat insoluble-bound fraction (MSCIB), cotyledon-free polyphenolic fraction (MCFP) and seed coat free polyphenolic fraction (MSCFP) had high antimicrobial effects as shown by low respective MIC values between 0.1 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL. These MIC values were comparable to those of control antimicrobials used: amphotericin B (0.5 mg/mL) and cesfulodin (0.1 mg/mL) against C. diphtheriae, streptomycin (1.0 mg/mL) and gentamicin (0.4 mg/mL) against M. terrae, and amphotericin B (0.05 mg/mL) against C. albicans. Marama seed coat soluble-esterified fraction (MSCS) had closer activity to that of cefsulodin against M. terrae. High amounts of phenolic substances, such as gallic acid, especially in the seed coats, as well as high amounts of phytosterols, lignans, certain fatty acids and peptides (specifically protease inhibitors) in the cotyledons contributed to the observed antibacterial and anticandidal activities. Marama extracts, especially phenolic and crude seed coat extracts, had high multi-species antibacterial and anticandidal activities at concentrations comparable to that of some conventional drugs; these extracts have potential use as microbicides. Keywords: marama, Tylosema esculentum, antibacterial activity, anticandidal activity Published in DKUM: 07.08.2017; Views: 1209; Downloads: 340 Full text (1,38 MB) This document has many files! More... |
3. Potencialni antitumorski učinki ekstraktov Marama fižola (Tylosema esculentum)Maja Topolovec, 2010, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Rak debelega črevesja (kolona) in danke (rektum), ki mu pravimo tudi kolorektalni rak, spada med najpogostejše oblike raka v razvitem svetu. Zato smo v diplomskem delu želeli ugotovit, ali lahko s pomočjo rastlinskih ekstraktov pripomoremo k preventivnemu ali dopolnilnemu zdravstvenemu učinku. Namen naše raziskave je bil raziskati ali imata Marama fižol in gomolj pozitiven učinek na zaviranje rasti ali citotoksičnost celic raka debelega črevesa. Uporabili smo ekstrakte Marama fižola in gomolja (Tylosema esculentum) v celičnem modelu, ki ga sestavljajo celice humanega adenokarcinoma debelega črevesa (Caco-2). Znano je, da Marama fižol vsebuje, izoflavon zlasti genistein, ki blokira ključne encime, ki jih celice tumorja potrebujejo za svojo rast. Da bi lahko preverili hipotezo, smo ugotavljali odzive na sposobnost preživetja celic in zaviralne učinke uporabljenih ekstraktov. Iz doseženih rezultatov lahko sklepamo, da vsi uporabljeni ekstrakti Marame zavirajo rast rakastih celic, največje učinke pa so imeli ekstrakt MTD7 (gomolj), HE5 (lupina) in MP7 (klični list). Keywords: rak, humani adenokarcinom, Caco-2, Marama fižol, ekstrakti, gomolj, Tylosema esculentum Published in DKUM: 30.11.2010; Views: 2640; Downloads: 150 Full text (8,18 MB) |