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Abstract: Rapid, selective, and cost-effective detection and determination of clinically relevant biomolecule analytes for a better understanding of biological and physiological functions are becoming increasingly prominent. In this regard, biosensors represent a powerful tool to meet these requirements. Recent decades have seen biosensors gaining popularity due to their ability to design sensor platforms that are selective to determine target analytes. Naturally generated receptor units have a high affinity for their targets, which provides the selectivity of a device. However, such receptors are subject to instability under harsh environmental conditions and have consequently low durability. By applying principles of supramolecular chemistry, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can successfully replace natural receptors to circumvent these shortcomings. This review summarizes the recent achievements and analytical applications of electrosynthesized MIPs, in particular, for the detection of protein-based biomarkers. The scope of this review also includes the background behind electrochemical readouts and the origin of the gate effect in MIP-based biosensors.
Keywords: MIP-based biosensors, MIP, biosensors, molecularly imprinted polymer, biomolecules, electroanalysis
Published in DKUM: 15.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: The unprecedented aging of the world’s population will boost the need for orthopedic implants and expose their current limitations to a greater extent due to the medical complexity of elderly patients and longer indwelling times of the implanted materials. Biocompatible metals with multifunctional bioactive coatings promise to provide the means for the controlled and tailorable release of different medications for patient-specific treatment while prolonging the material’s lifespan and thus improving the surgical outcome. The objective of this work is to provide a review of several groups of biocompatible materials that might be utilized as constituents for the development of multifunctional bioactive coatings on metal materials with a focus on antimicrobial, pain-relieving, and anticoagulant properties. Moreover, the review presents a summary of medications used in clinical settings, the disadvantages of the commercially available products, and insight into the latest development strategies. For a more successful translation of such research into clinical practice, extensive knowledge of the chemical interactions between the components and a detailed understanding of the properties and mechanisms of biological matter are required. Moreover, the cost-efficiency of the surface treatment should be considered in the development process.
Keywords: biomaterials, orthopedic implants, multifunctional coatings, drug delivery, antimicrobial, pain relief
Published in DKUM: 09.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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Abstract: In this study, a novel biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid coating containing a model anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen) was prepared on TiAl6V4 substrate for use in orthopedic medicine by a two-step process combining drop casting and supercritical CO2-assisted foaming. The prepared coating was first investigated by surface analysis techniques using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The combined results confirmed the loading of ketoprofen and its homogeneous spatial distribution in the coating. 3D profilometry revealed increased surface roughness of the coating compared to the bare TiAl6V4 substrate, which is favorable for cell adhesion. Furthermore, the electrochemical measurements (i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic curve measurements) demonstrated that the coating application significantly mitigated corrosion compared to the bare TiAl6V4 substrate. In vitro drug release tests revealed extended drug release in simulated body fluids with zero-order release kinetics. Finally, the promising cell testing results using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts confirmed the applicability of the coating for implants. Overall, the results of this study highlight the significant potential of the developed bioactive coating for future orthopedic applications.
Keywords: TiAlV, bioactive coating, implants, PLGA, supercritical foaming, ketoprofen
Published in DKUM: 14.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: The fabrication of biomaterials to be used in segmental bone defects, mimicking the bone's organic-inorganic architecture and mechanical properties to induce osteogenesis, persists as a key challenge. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of a lightweight, morphologically graded, and multiphase self-standing scaffold structure prepared from a combination of gelatine (Gel), collagen type 1 (Col) and/or hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles by a unidirectional freeze-casting process at different temperatures (−20, −40, −60 °C), followed by carbodiimide induced cross-linking, on their in-vitro mechanical stability and bioactive properties. In addition, the rheological study of differently formulated Gel solutions has been performed to determine the effect of Col and HAP content on their microstructural arrangement, which, together with the freezing kinetic, affects Gel/Col orientation and cross-linking, and, thus, the scaffold's mechanical strength and stability. A bone-like anisotropic, interconnected, and graded porosity (from 120 to a few μm) scaffold structure with up to 30% total porosity and ~61 μm average pores' diameter is obtained by using a higher Col content (Col: Gel = 2:5) and freezing temperature (−20 °C) while forming a few μm thick close-to-parallel lamellae, separated with a 10–100 μm space when prepared at −60 °C. Such a structure influenced in-vitro stability strongly (lower swelling without weight loss), being accompanied with a ~76% increase of compression strength (to 37 kPa) and ~67% decrease of elastic modulus (to 17 kPa) when prepared with HAP and incubated in HBSS for 7 days. On the other hand, a significant reduction of both strength (~78%, to 15 kPa) and elasticity (~95%, to 5 kPa) was noted for a scaffold prepared with HAP at −60 °C, being related to faster degradation and the formation of a highly opened structure on the bottom, required to stimulate the bone ingrowth, while a more closed network structure on the top to adhere with the surrounding soft tissue. None of the scaffolds induced cytotoxicity to human bone-derived osteoblasts, even after 19 days of incubation, but rather improved their viability while promoting cells' adhesions, proliferation, and differentiation, being supported with an increased alkaline phosphatase activity and rod-like CaP formation.
Keywords: biomimetic scaffolds, rheology, unidirectional freeze-casting, morphology, compression properties, bioactivity
Published in DKUM: 10.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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Abstract: V zadnjem času je bil dosežen pomemben napredek pri razvoju ADME (absorpcija, distribucija, metabolizem, ekskrecija) modelov, vendar izziv ostaja vzpostaviti platforme, ki bi zmanjšale testiranje na živalih in stroške raziskav. Naraščajoča pomembnost farmakokinetičnih interakcij poudarja potrebo po zanesljivih in ponovljivih ADME modelih, ki so vse bolj ključni za razvoj zdravil in zagotavljanje varnosti z željo po preprečevanju resnih kliničnih zapletov in hospitalizacije.
Keywords: ADME, drug interaction studies, in vitro models, pharmacokinetics, multi-organ models
Published in DKUM: 07.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 23
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