1. Specific fertilization practices reveal important insights into the complex interaction between microbes and enzymes in soils of different farming systemsMaša Pintarič, Ana Štuhec, Eva Tratnik, Tomaž Langerholc, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The interaction of microorganisms and their enzyme activity is one of the key indicators for a comprehensive measurement of soil health. The aim of this study was to determine significant correlations between different soil microorganisms and enzyme activities of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, urease, arylamidase, phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase after supplementation with standard fertilizer, spent mushroom substrate and composed fertilizer in soils from conventional–integrated, organic and biodynamic farming. Samples were grouped according to the farming system and fertilization for all seasons. The biodynamic farm was the least affected by the different fertilizations, except for standard fertilization. Standard fertilizer caused negative correlations between the actinomycetes and the arylsulfatase in organic and biodynamic farms. The same fertilization affected the actinomycetes/phosphatase relationship differently, regardless of the basic soil structure. Actinomycetes correlated positively with acid phosphatase and urease in conventional–integrated and biodynamic farms after spent mushroom substrate, respectively. Arylamidase activity in relation to total microorganisms responded to fertilization with standard fertilizer and spent mushroom substrate independently of the basic soil structure. Fertilization can influence the soil microbe/enzyme relationships in different soils. Regardless of the basic soil structure, some of these relationships could be important indicators for further studies.
Keywords: agriculture, conventional-integrated, organic, biodynamic, fertilization, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity
Published in DKUM: 17.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. Spent mushroom substrate improves microbial quantities and enzymatic activity in soils of different farming systemsMaša Pintarič, Ana Štuhec, Eva Tratnik, Tomaž Langerholc, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: conventional-integrated, organic, biodynamic, soil microorganisms, soil enzymatic activity, spent mushroom substrate
Published in DKUM: 17.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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3. Znanje potrošnikov o transmaščobah kot dejavniku tveganj : magistrsko deloBarbara Leskovšek, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: Hiter življenjski tempo vpliva na življenjski slog ljudi, kar se odraža tudi pri izbiri živil in zagotavljanju kakovostne izbire živil, saj so potrošniki pogosto premalo pozorni na označbe živil. Sedanji življenjski slog nas spodbuja k pogostejšemu uživanju nezdrave, predpakirane in predpripravljene hrane. Mediji premalo poudarjajo ozaveščanje prebivalcev o zdravem načinu življenja in izbiri zdrave hrane. Potrošniki posledično dobijo premalo informacij o pomenu označb na živilih in priporočenih vrednostih za vnos hranil. Cilj naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali se potrošniki zavedajo tveganj, ki jih trans maščobe predstavljajo za javno zdravje, in ali pri izbiri živil upoštevajo vsebnost trans maščob. Prav tako smo proučili dejavnike, ki vplivajo na potrošnikovo izbiro živil. Kot metodološko orodje smo uporabili spletni anketni vprašalnik, razdeljen na več vsebinskih sklopov (poznavanje trans maščob, vpliv na zdravje, pozornost pri nakupu, uživanje trans maščob) in demografske podatke. Medtem ko različne študije kažejo, da potrošniki pogosto niso dovolj ozaveščeni o vplivu trans maščob na zdravje in ne posvečajo dovolj pozornosti preverjanju tega dejavnika tveganja pri izbiri živil, naša raziskava pri določenih skupinah anketirancev kaže nekoliko drugačno sliko. Ugotovili smo, da je stopnja ozaveščenosti med našimi anketiranci dokaj visoka, saj večina ve, da so trans maščobe škodljive za zdravje in se jim izogiba, predvsem mlajši anketiranci. Kljub temu pa se mnogi niso pozorni na označbe živil ali količino trans maščob v vsakodnevnih obrokih, zlasti tisti s slabšim finančnim stanjem ali nižjo izobrazbo. Menimo, da bi bilo smiselno, da nadaljnje raziskave preučijo, kako uživanje teh živil dolgoročno vpliva na zdravstveno stanje populacije.
Keywords: trans maščobe, potrošnik, ozaveščanje, zdravju škodljivo
Published in DKUM: 01.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 19
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4. Effect of Lactobacillus spp. on adhesion, invasion, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken and pig small-intestinal epithelial cell linesMaja Šikić Pogačar, Tomaž Langerholc, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sonja Smole Možina, Anja Klančnik, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Background : Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease. This mainly arises through contamination of meat products during processing. For infection, Campylobacter spp. must adhere to epithelial cells of the mucus layer, survive conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and colonise the intestine of the host. Addition of probiotic bacteria might promote competitive a dhesion to epithelial cells, consequently reducing Campylobacter jejuni colonisation. Effect of Lactobacillus spp. (PCS20, PCS22, PCS25, LGG, PCK9) on C. jejuni adhesion, invasion and translocation in pig (PSI cl.1) and chicken (B1OXI) small-intestine cell lines, as well as pig enterocytes (CLAB) was investigated.
Results : Overall, in competitive adhesion assays with PSI cl.1 and CLAB cell monolayers, the addition of Lactobacillus spp. reduced C. jejuni adherence to the cell surface, and negatively affected the C. jejuni invasion. Interestingly, Lactobacillus spp. significantly impaired C. jejuni adhesion in three-dimensional functional PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell models. Also, C. jejuni did not translocate across PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell monolayers when co-incubated with probiotics. Among selected probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG was the strain that reduced adhesion efficacy of C. jejuni most significantly under co-culture conditions.
Conclusion : The addition of Lactobacillus spp. to feed additives in livestock nutrition might be an effective novel strategy that targets Campylobacter adhesion to epithelial cells, and thus prevents colonisation, reduces the transmission, and finally lowers the incidence of human campylobacteriosis.
Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, Lactobacillus spp., chicken and pig cell line, adhesion, invasion, translocation
Published in DKUM: 06.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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5. Knowledge, attitude and behaviour of university students regarding salt and iodine: a multicentre cross-sectional study in six countries in Europe and AsiaGeorgios Marakis, Antonios Katsioulis, Lamprini Kontopoulou, Anke Ehlers, Katharina Heimberg, Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst, Tomaž Langerholc, Hanna Adamska, Ewa Matyjaszczyk, Renuka K. D. Silva, Chathurika K. A. Madumali, Tai-Sheng Yeh, Ling-Jan Chiou, Mei-Jen Lin, Georgios Karpetas, Anke Weissenborn, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Strategies to reduce salt intake are encouraged to be implemented in parallel with those that aim to ensure iodine adequacy at the population level. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to salt and iodine among students in Europe and Asia.
Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted with 2459 university students in total (42.7% males, median age 21 years) from four countries in Europe and two countries in Asia. Data were collected with the use of a self-administered questionnaire, and univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to explore any association between variables.
Results: Only 6.5% of all participants knew the correct salt recommendations. Nearly a quarter of them (24.4%) found salt recommendations confusing and/or contradictory. There were significant differences between European and Asian participants, with those from Europe being better informed about salt recommendations, but significantly less knowledgeable about iodine. The reported frequency of use of salt and salt-containing sauces either at the table or for cooking, as well as knowledge about ways to reduce salt intake among those who indicated to make conscious efforts to do so, differed significantly between countries. Significant differences between countries were also observed with respect to the type of salt used, with about one third of all participants (34%) not being aware of the kind of salt they used.
Conclusion: The results of this survey highlight serious salt- and iodine-related knowledge gaps among university students in Europe and Asia. Raising awareness and conducting information campaigns is needed to promote changes in behaviour that would result in a reduction of salt intake and conscious use of iodised salt at the individual level.
Keywords: salt, iodine, iodised salt, Europe, Asia, nutritional epidemiology
Published in DKUM: 30.09.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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6. Vpliv gnojenja z izrabljenim gobjim substratom na aktivnost talnih encimov v posameznih letnih časih : magistrsko deloAna Štuhec, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Izrabljen substrat za gobe (IGS) je stranski proizvod gojenja gob, ki sestoji iz raznovrstnih organskih materialov. Po nekaj sezonah rabe se substrat izčrpa in praviloma velja za odpadek, vendar sodobne raziskave nakazujejo številne koristne možnosti uporabe izrabljenega gobjega substrata. V projektni raziskavi se je IGS uporabljal kot organsko gnojilo na treh različnih lokacijah v ekološki, integrirani in biodinamični pridelavi paradižnika v rastlinjakih. V vsaki od pridelav se je v triplikatih testiralo gnojenje z SMS, standardno gnojenje (S), SMS+S in kontrola brez gnojenja. V sklopu magistrskega dela smo na obravnavanih lokacijah jemali vzorce zemlje v vseh letnih časih, v vzorcih pa smo analizirali aktivnost encimov N-acetil-glukozaminidaza (NAG), fosfataza (PHOS), beta-glukozidaza (β0GLU), arilsulfataza (ARS), ureaza (URE), arilamidaza (ARN), alkalna fosfataza (PAK) in kisla fosfataza (PAC) po standardu ISO 20130:2018- Kakovost tal - Merjenje encimske aktivnosti v vzorcih tal s kolorimetričnimi substrati na mikrotitrski plošči. Primerjali smo razlike v encimski aktivnosti med posameznimi letnimi časi ter med različnimi načini gnojenja. Rezultati so pokazali, da različni letni časi vplivajo na aktivnost encimov v tleh, medtem ko dodatek gobjega substrata kot gnojila ne povzroči nujno povišanja encimske aktivnosti.
Keywords: talni encimi, izrabljen gobji substrat, aktivnost, gnojenje, kmetijstvo
Published in DKUM: 03.09.2024; Views: 52; Downloads: 50
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7. Vpliv cemprinovega lesa na rast plesni penicillum roqueforte in asperqillus niger : magistrsko deloBranka Kristl, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: V magistrskem delu smo testirali vpliv cemprinovega lesa na rast gliv in oblikovanje spor Aspergillus niger ter Penicillium roqueforte. Vpliv lesa smo testirali tako, da smo glive inkubirali v škatlah iz cemprinovega lesa. Kot primerjalno kontrolo za analizo rasti gliv smo uporabili še škatle iz bukovega in smrekovega lesa, plastike in čisto eterično olje
cemprina. Največji zaviralni učinek na rast testiranih gliv smo opazili v škatlah iz cemprinovega lesa, sledile so plastične škatle z dodatkom eteričnega olja cemprina. Rast gliv v drugih škatlah je bila primerljiva. Cemprinov les je imel največji zaviralni učinek na rast glive P. roqueforte, hkrati pa je zavrl tudi oblikovanje spor gliv. Cemprinov les ima zaradi svojih protiglivnih lastnosti potencial za uporabo v živilski industriji kot material
za izdelavo škatel za shranjevanje kruha in končnih pekovskih izdelkov, kjer sta pojav in kvar zaradi plesni pogosta.
Keywords: Pinus cembra, cemprin, Penicillium roqueforte, Aapergillus niger, protiglivno delovanje
Published in DKUM: 03.09.2024; Views: 47; Downloads: 28
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8. Probiotic mechanisms affecting glucose homeostasis : a scoping reviewMaša Pintarič, Tomaž Langerholc, 2022, review article Abstract: The maintenance of a healthy status depends on the coexistence between the host organism and the microbiota. Early studies have already focused on the nutritional properties of probiotics, which may also contribute to the structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby affecting host metabolism and homeostasis. Maintaining homeostasis in the body is therefore crucial and is reflected at all levels, including that of glucose, a simple sugar molecule that is an essential fuel for normal cellular function. Despite numerous clinical studies that have shown the effect of various probiotics on glucose and its homeostasis, knowledge about the exact function of their mechanism is still scarce. The aim of our review was to select in vivo and in vitro studies in English published in the last eleven years dealing with the effects of probiotics on glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. In this context, diverse probiotic effects at different organ levels were highlighted, summarizing their potential mechanisms to influence glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. Variations in results due to different methodological approaches were discussed, as well as limitations, especially in in vivo studies. Further studies on the interactions between probiotics, host microorganisms and their immunity are needed.
Keywords: probiotic, mechanism, glucose, metabolism, homeostasis
Published in DKUM: 28.06.2024; Views: 415; Downloads: 15
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9. Antimicrobial properties of different hop (Humulus lupulus) genotypesZala Kolenc, Tomaž Langerholc, Gregor Hostnik, Miha Ocvirk, Sara Štumpf Horvat, Maša Pintarič, Iztok Jože Košir, Andreja Čerenak, Alenka Garmut, Urban Bren, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of hop extracts obtained from different hop genotypes were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. In this study the pure xanthohumol, purified β-acids rich fraction, as well as α-acids with β-acids rich fraction were used to test antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus acidophilus; whereby, the antimicrobial activity of different hop extracts against Lactobacillus acidophilus was studied for the first time. Microbial susceptibility to purified hydroacetonic extracts from different hop varieties was investigated by the broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The hop hydroacetonic extracts were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus than against Lactobacillus acidophilus. Strong inverse correlations of MIC and MBC values were obtained with xanthohumol, cohumulone, n+adhumulone, colupulone and n+adlupulone contents, suggesting that the identified chemical hop compounds are directly responsible for antimicrobial effects. Moreover, the effect of the growth medium strength on the MIC values of hop extracts against Staphylococcus aureus was systematically investigated for the first time. The current study also reveals the effect of different hop extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, which responds to their presence by lag phase extension and generation time prolongation.
Keywords: hop extract, xanthohumol, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration
Published in DKUM: 09.05.2024; Views: 203; Downloads: 22
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10. Antioxidant activity of different hop (Humulus lupulus L.) genotypesZala Kolenc, Tamara Hribernik, Tomaž Langerholc, Maša Pintarič, Maja Prevolnik Povše, Urban Bren, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The antioxidant activity (AA) of hop extracts obtained from different hop genotypes (n = 14) was studied. For comparison, the purified β-acids-rich fraction and α-acids-with-β-acids-rich fraction were also used to test the antioxidative potential. The AA of purified hydroacetonic hop extracts was investigated using the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) and Intracellular Antioxidant (IA) methods. The FRAP values in different hop genotypes ranged between 63.5 and 101.6 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry weight (DW), the ORAC values ranged between 1069 and 1910 μmol TE/g DW and IA potential values ranged between 52.7 and 118.0 mmol TE/g DW. Significant differences in AA between hop genotypes were observed with all three methods. AAs were determined using three different methods, which did not highly correlate with each other. We also did not find significant correlations between AA and different chemical components, which applies both to AA determined using individual methods as well as the total AA. Based on this fact, we assume that the synergistic or antagonistic effects between hop compounds have a more pronounced effect on AA than the presence and quantity of individual hop compounds.
Keywords: hop, antioxidant activity, FRAP, ORAC, intracellular antioxidative potential, genotypes
Published in DKUM: 20.03.2024; Views: 271; Downloads: 19
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