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Abstract: Sustainable extraction methods for natural extracts are crucial for mitigating environmental impact. Strategies that focus on waste reduction and resource efficiency contribute to long-term conservation. Hemp seeds, which were previously treated as waste product, are now valued for their nutrition and functional properties. This study investigated sustainable extraction methods for obtaining natural extracts from hemp seeds, with a focus on reducing environmental impact through efficient resource utilization and waste reduction. The extraction methods compared included supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), Soxhlet extraction (SOX), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), cold maceration (CM), and cold pressing (CP). The contents of antioxidants, total phenols, and fatty acids in the extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The extracts were subsequently formulated into organogels to evaluate the stability of the fatty acids. The results showed that SFE and CP were the most efficient and environmentally friendly methods, with SFE allowing complete separation of the solvent from the extract. CP was also found to be effective and environmentally friendly. The study confirmed that formulating extracts in organogels effectively inhibited fatty acid oxidation, although a reduction in fatty acid content was observed during gel production. Overall, the formulation of extracts in organogels increased their stability, especially in preventing fatty acid degradation.
Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound extraction, cold pressing method, fatty acids, stability of formulations
Published in DKUM: 15.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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Abstract: The aim of this review was to investigate the potential use of Castanea sativa wood extract as a food supplement and to evaluate its beneficial properties for human health. The results of the limited amount of studies suggest promising properties, including potential anti-inflammatory effects. The literature indicates that the extract, which is rich in bioactive compounds such as tannins, offers promising therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of conditions associated with chronic inflammation. Consequently, interest in its use in food and pharmaceuticals is growing. Phytochemical studies have reported antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and neuroprotective activities. A suitable extraction method and solvent is crucial for the isolation of bioactive compounds, being green extraction technologies outstanding for the industrial recovery of chestnut wood’s bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize the importance of adhering to regulatory guidelines and obtaining the necessary approvals from regulatory authorities to ensure product safety and compliance. The regulation of herbal medicinal products with proven efficacy and traditional herbal medicinal products is well defined, monitored by authorized bodies, and subject to strict control measures. It is noteworthy that medicinal products are subject to stringent quality testing to ensure safety and efficacy in use, whereas there are no comparable regulatory standards and specific labeling requirements for dietary supplements. When using herbal products, compliance with established standards in health research is essential.
Keywords: Castanea sativa, wood extracts, tannins, antioxidat activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity
Published in DKUM: 30.07.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: Natural medicines and products are becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The most important step in obtaining a natural remedy is the processing of the natural material. This study offers the separation of the industrial hemp plant into fractions by mechanical treatment, which has a significant impact on the selectivity of the obtained fractions. This study also offers a solution to reduce waste by fractionating industrial hemp, focusing on the fraction with the highest cannabinoid content (49.5% of CBD). The study confirmed the anticancer potential of the extract, which prevents further division of WM-266-4 melanoma cells at a concentration of 10−3 mg/mL. However, application of the extract (c = 10−3 mg/mL) to normal human epidermal melanocytes proved to be insignificant, as the metabolic activity of the cells was the same as in the control cell group.
Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasonic extraction, melanoma cells, extraction, WM-266-4
Published in DKUM: 09.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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Abstract: Cannabinoids are the main active ingredients of Cannabis sativa L., obtained by a suitable extraction method and decarboxylation, in which the acid forms of the cannabinoids are converted into active forms. Supercritical CO2 extraction method and decarboxylation process were optimized for 7 cannabinoids (CBD, CBDA, THC, THCA, CBGA, CBN and CBC). The optimal extraction conditions for all cannabinoids were determined at a temperature of 60 °C and a pressure of 300 bar to 550 bar. At higher temperatures and reaction times, a significant depletion of neutral cannabinoids was observed. The optimal conditions of the decarboxylation process varied depending on the component. For the CBD component, which could be measured in the highest concentrations (560 mg/g), the optimal conditions were 140 °C and 10 min. The study can be an important model for predicting the behavior of cannabinoids under certain parameters.
Keywords: supercritical fluids, extraction, cannabinoids, decarboxilation, Cannabis sativa I
Published in DKUM: 08.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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Abstract: Namen magistrskega dela je izolacija in določitev biološko aktivnih komponent (kurkuminoidov) v ekstraktih kurkume, formulacija ekstrahiranih učinkovin s ciljem čim večje vsebnosti kurkumina in preverjanje protimikrobnega potenciala dobljenih ekstraktov in formulacij. Izvedli smo dve različni ekstrakcijski metodi. Pri ultrazvočni ekstrakciji smo kot topilo uporabili etanol, medtem ko smo superkritično ekstrakcijo izvedli s superkritičnim ogljikovim dioksidom. Nastalim ekstraktom smo določili antioksidativno aktivnost z metodo DPPH· ter vsebnosti totalnih fenolov, proantocianidinov, karotenoidov in vitamina C. Ekstrakte smo nato formulirali v organogele in enkapsulate. Vsebnost kurkumina smo določili v ekstraktih in organogelih, njegovo topnost v superkritičnem ogljikovem dioksidu pa smo preverili z uporabo visokotlačne celice pri različnih tlakih. Na koncu je sledila še analiza protimikrobnega potenciala, s katero smo pripravljenim ekstraktom in formulacijam določili minimalno inhibitorno koncentracijo. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da je najvišji ekstrakcijski izkoristek pri ultrazvočni ekstrakciji (5,77 %). Prav tako smo temu ekstraktu, v primerjavi s superkritičnim, spektrofotometrično določili višji % inhibicije (41,93 %) in višje vsebnosti totalnih fenolov (2,06 mg GA/g materiala), proantocianidinov (0,6 mg PAC/g materiala) ter vitamina C (0,20 mg vitamina C/g materiala). Tudi vsebnosti kurkumina so višje v ultrazvočnem ekstraktu. Ultrazvočni ekstrakt in njegove formulacije imajo nižjo minimalno inhibitorno koncentracijo kot superkritični ekstrakt in njegove formulacije. Najnižnjo minimalno inhibitorno koncentracijo (0,47 mg/mL) smo določili ultrazvočenmu ekstraktu pri uporabi bakterije Staphylococcus aureus in glive Candida albicans. S tem smo dodatno potrdili višje vsebnosti kurkumina v ultrazvočnem ekstraktu in tudi to, da kurkumin deluje protimikrobno.
Keywords: kurkuma, kurkumin, ekstrakcija, organogeli, enkapsulacija, antimikrobni potencial
Published in DKUM: 10.09.2024; Views: 44; Downloads: 81
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