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Non-equilibrium plasma methods for tailoring surface properties of polyvinylidene fluoride : review and challenges
Alenka Vesel, Rok Zaplotnik, Gregor Primc, Miran Mozetič, Tadeja Katan, Rupert Kargl, Tamilselvan Mohan, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, 2021, review article

Abstract: Modification and functionalization of polymer surface properties is desired in numerous applications, and a standard technique is a treatment with non-equilibrium gaseous plasma. Fluorinated polymers exhibit specific properties and are regarded as difficult to functionalize with polar functional groups. Plasma methods for functionalization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are reviewed and different mechanisms involved in the surface modification are presented and explained by the interaction of various reactive species and far ultraviolet radiation. Most authors used argon plasma but reported various results. The discrepancy between the reported results is explained by peculiarities of the experimental systems and illustrated by three mechanisms. More versatile reaction mechanisms were reported by authors who used oxygen plasma for surface modification of PVDF, while plasma sustained in other gases was rarely used. The results reported by various authors are analyzed, and correlations are drawn where feasible. The processing parameters reported by different authors were the gas pressure and purity, the discharge configuration and power, while the surface finish was predominantly determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static water contact angle (WCA). A reasonably good correlation was found between the surface wettability as probed by WCA and the oxygen concentration as probed by XPS, but there is hardly any correlation between the discharge parameters and the wettability.
Keywords: polyvinylidene fluoride, gaseous plasma, surface modification, wettability, functionalization, activation plazma
Published in DKUM: 16.06.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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Vezava paladija na porozen zamrežen poli(4-vinilpiridin)
Tadeja Katan, 2017, undergraduate thesis

Abstract: Diplomska naloga temelji na sintetiziranju funkcionalnih poroznih polimerov. Za njihovo pripravo smo izbrali postopek polimerizacije emulzij z visokim deležem notranje faze (poliHIPE). Te emulzije so v kontinuirni fazi vsebovale različne deleže monomerov 4-vinilpiridin, divinilbenzen in stiren. Po uspešni polimerizaciji emulzije so nastali stabilni monoliti, katere smo nato s postopkom hiperzamreženja dodatno zamrežili. Hiperzamreženje smo izvedli na dva različna načina. Prvi način je potekal z di-tert-butil peroksidom, drugi pa s pomočjo Friedel-Kraftsove reakcije. Z adsorpcijsko porozimetrijo smo analizirali vzorce po polimerizaciji in po hiperzamreženju. Z analizami smo pri obeh načinih potrdili nastanek novih povezovalnih por in s tem povečana specifična površina. Na dodatno zamrežen polimer z večjo specifično površino smo želeli vezati paladijevo sol. Ker imajo delci paladija veliko razmerje med površino in volumnom, je ponavadi velik delež delcev izpostavljen reaktivnim molekulam, kar ga odlikuje v dober katalizator. S polimeri stabilizirani delci paladija imajo pomembno vlogo v okoljskih in industrijskih procesih, probleme pa predstavljajo postopki za imobilizacijo in s tem znižana katalitska aktivnost polimera. Mi smo paladij želeli imobilizirati s poli(4vinilpiridin-ko-divinilbenzen-ko-stiren) monoliti tako, da bi ga vezali na proste dušikove atome v piridinskem obroču. Zato je bil naš primarni cilj ustvariti stabilno emulzijo, ki bi vsebovala čim večji delež 4-vinil piridina in s tem čim več prostih dušikovih atomov.
Keywords: funkcionalni porozni polimeri, poliHIPE, 4-vinilpiridin, paladij, Friedel-Kraftsov postopek hiperzamreženja
Published in DKUM: 14.09.2017; Views: 1292; Downloads: 105
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