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Abstract: In the global market, the casting industry recorded a growth trend for ductile iron last year. Ductile iron is used due to its excellent mechanical properties, machinability and castability. The microstructure of nodular cast iron consists of a metal matrix and graphite extruded in the form of beads and nodules. In recent years, the production of ductile iron castings has increased significantly for parts for heavy transport vehicles and containers for permanent disposal of nuclear waste, and it is expected that this trend of expansion will continue for at least the next twenty years. When poured in sand moulds, the quality of products can not be reached. There can be defects on the raw surface and/or on the machining surface, as well as hidden defects inside the material. For casting products, defects can be detected on raw and machining surfaces and inside material defects by carrying out a visual inspection. The results of the inspection depend on the inspection method used. In general, basic methods of cutting or milling inspection are used in the casting industry, which means that products are classified in terms of whether or not they meet the drawing specification(s). The authors of this paper focused on the hidden defects inside ductile iron material, which can be detected by carrying out a cutting or milling inspection or through an X-ray inspection. Huge amounts of energy and energy sources are used in the production of nodular cast iron, which creates a negative environmental footprint. Therefore, by being preventively rational and through appropriate control procedures it is possible to significantly reduce the carbon footprint.
Keywords: carbon footprint, ductile iron, X-ray inspection, cutting inspection, hidden mistakes, defects, porosity, inclusion, green energy, reduced production of energy, decrease in production emissions
Published in DKUM: 26.10.2023; Views: 373; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: Diplomska naloga zajema kratek teoretičen opis Nuklearne elektrarne Krško (NEK), štirih potencialnih reaktorjev za drugo enoto jedrske elektrarne v Krškem (JEK 2), stikalnih naprav, stikalnih celic oziroma blokov in ostalih naprav v stikališču RTP Krško ter možno kinetično izvedbo povezave s tehnologijo plinsko izoliranega daljnovoda (GIL). Gre za povezavo od turbinske zgradbe do samega stikališča. Večji povdarek je na samem stikališču, kako le tega prilagodimo oziroma razširimo za priključitev nove jedrske elektrarne Krško in njenih ostalih potreb. Opisovanje različnih možnosti je na osnovi idejne zasnove, in sicer z enopolnimi shemami ter z umestitvenimi risbami v prostor stikališča RTP- Krško. Diplomska naloga tudi zajema že prej pri vsaki kandidatki za JEK 2 opisano rešitev lastne rabe električne energije. Te kandidatke za JEK 2 so zraven opisa še opremljene z enopolnimi shemami za lastno rabo električne energije, kar je pri vseh jedrskih elektrarnah ključnega pomena za brezhibno delovanje vseh različnih varnostnih sistemov, ki se nahajajo v jedrskih elektrarnah. Poročilo povzema zakonodajo in okoljevarstvene ukrepe glede izolacijskega plina v samih plinsko zaščitnih napravah v stikališču ter vpliva elektromagnetnega polja na ljudi. Diplomska naloga zajema dve varianti za 110 kV del stikališča in štiri variante za 400 kV del stikališča, ki imajo različne postavitvene rešitve. Priključitev JEK 2 bi se izvedla v 400 kV delu stikališča RTP-Krško. Dodatno sem analiziral še možnost izvedbe priključka v prosto zračni izvedbi, ki je podrobneje opisana s 4. varianto. Razlika 4. variante je v tem, da dopušča izvedbo prosto zračne, kakor tudi hkrati na istem mestu dimenzijsko mnogo manjše plinsko izolirane stikalne naprave GIS v samem stikališču. Vzrok za to je razpolaganje z zadostnim prostorom v samem stikališču ob izbiri variante 4.
Keywords: Jedrska elektrarna, stikališče, naprave, zanesljivost delovanja.
Published in DKUM: 24.09.2013; Views: 2902; Downloads: 192
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