1. Sarcopenia, obesity, and their association with selected behavioral factors in active older adultsKaja Teraž, Miloš Kalc, Manca Peskar, Saša Pišot, Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Primož Pori, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction: The number of obese people in the world is increasing, as is the number of sarcopenic people among the older adults. Although both states are concerning, they can be positively influenced by selected behavioral factors such as adequate nutrition and physical activity. We were interested in the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in active older people and the influence of behavioral factors on this phenomenon.
Methods: The study included 38 older adults (21 women) with a mean age of 75.3 ± 5.0 years. Sarcopenic parameters were determined with different tests: Handgrip Test, Chair Stand Test, Gait Speed, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity level was measured using accelerometers, and nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment and MEDLIFE Index questionnaire.
Results: Of all included active participants (the average number of steps per day was 8,916 ± 3,543), 47.4% of them were obese. Of all included women, 52.4% were obese. Sarcopenic obesity was found in three (7.9%) participants. Nutritional status correlated with strength of lower extremities and physical performance tests (gait speed, Timed Up and Go Test and Short Physical performance battery). Higher number of steps per day positively correlates with physical performance.
Discussion: Interestingly, we did not find any correlation between the main obesity parameter such as percent body fat or body mass index (and thus sarcopenic obesity) and any of the selected behavioral factors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, or dietary habits). In conclusion, reaching the recommended levels of physical activity in older adults may not be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity.
Keywords: aging, physical activity, nutrition, healthy lifestyle, body composition, sarcopenia
Published in DKUM: 27.05.2024; Views: 174; Downloads: 14
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2. Sarcopenia parameters in active older adults : an eight-year longitudinal studyKaja Teraž, Uroš Marušič, Miloš Kalc, Boštjan Šimunič, Primož Pori, Bruno Grassi, Stefano Lazzer, Marco Vicenzo Narici, Mojca Gabrijelčič Blenkuš, Pietro Enrico Di Prampero, Carlo Reggiani, Angelina Passaro, Gianni Biolo, Mladen Gasparini, Rado Pišot, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Background
Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle syndrome that is common in older adults but can be mitigated by adequate and regular physical activity. The development and severity of sarcopenia is favored by several factors, the most influential of which are a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity. The aim of this observational longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate changes in sarcopenia parameters, based on the EWGSOP2 definition in a population of active older adults after eight years. It was hypothesized that selected active older adults would perform better on sarcopenia tests than the average population.
Methods
The 52 active older adults (22 men and 30 women, mean age: 68.4±5.6 years at the time of their first evaluation) participated in the study at two time points eight-years apart. Three sarcopenia parameters were assessed at both time points: Muscle strength (handgrip test), skeletal muscle mass index, and physical performance (gait speed), these parameters were used to diagnose sarcop0enia according to the EWGSOP2 definition. Additional motor tests were also performed at follow-up measurements to assess participants’ overall fitness. Participants self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior using General Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up measurements.
Results
In the first measurements we did not detect signs of sarcopenia in any individual, but after 8 years, we detected signs of sarcopenia in 7 participants. After eight years, we detected decline in ; muscle strength (-10.2%; p<.001), muscle mass index (-5.4%; p<.001), and physical performance measured with gait speed (-28.6%; p<.001). Similarly, self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior declined, too (-25.0%; p=.030 and −48.5%; p<.001, respectively).
Conclusions
Despite expected lower scores on tests of sarcopenia parameters due to age-related decline, participants performed better on motor tests than reported in similar studies. Nevertheless, the prevalence of sarcopenia was consistent with most of the published literature.
Trial registration
The clinical trial protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04899531
Keywords: elderly, physical activities, sedentary behavior, skeletal muscle disorder, sarcopenia
Published in DKUM: 25.03.2024; Views: 276; Downloads: 8
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3. Ozaveščanje in izobraževanje na področju preventivne vadbe v izogib poškodbam pripadnikov Specialne enote policijeBojan Jakac, 2023, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Poklic policista Specialne enote (SEP) je specifično, kompleksno in tvegano delo, ki zahteva veliko telesnih in mentalnih obremenitev. Narava dela pripadnikov SEP je povezana tudi z višjim tveganjem za nastanek tako akutnih kot tudi kroničnih poškodb in s tem posledično več odsotnosti z dela zaradi bolniških staležev. Literatura na področju življenjskega sloga pripadnikov SEP v domačem in službenem okolju ter analiz najpogostejših poškodb je relativno skopa. Prav tako trenutno ne obstajajo sistematični preventivni ukrepi, ki bi lahko pripomogli k boljšemu ozaveščanju in izobraževanju pripadnikov SEP z vidika priporočil za izboljšanje življenjskega sloga kot tudi vadbenega procesa v SEP. Glavni cilj diplomskega dela je analizirati življenjski slog, splošne gibalne navade pripadnikov SEP na delovnem mestu in v domačem okolju, ter opraviti tudi podrobno analizo akutnih in kroničnih poškodb, s katerimi so se pripadniki SEP soočali v času svojega službovanja. S pomočjo pridobljenih podatkov analize pa predlagati izobraževanje in ozaveščanje za zmanjšanje nastanka kroničnih poškodb. Vzorec anketirancev je predstavljalo 55 pripadnikov SEP, kar je 52 % vseh pripadnikov enote. Podatke smo zbirali s pomočjo vprašalnikov, ki smo jih za namen raziskave oblikovali sami in smo upoštevali ustrezne metodološke zahteve. Statistično analizo podatkov smo izvedli v programu SPSS 21, medtem ko smo končne rezultate slogovno uredili v programu Microsoft Excel 2019. Opisne spremenljivke smo predstavili s frekvencami in frekvenčnimi deleži. Rezultati dela so pokazali, da obstajajo pri pripadnikih SEP relativno velike rezerve na področju življenjskega sloga in splošno gibalnih navad doma in na delovnem mestu.
Keywords: Ozaveščanje, izobraževanje, preventivna vadba, poškodbe, Specialna enota
Published in DKUM: 19.05.2023; Views: 557; Downloads: 63
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