1. Exploring the feasibility of generative AI in persona research : a omparative analysis of large language model-generated and human-crafted personas in obesity researchUrška Smrke, Ana Rehberger, Nejc Plohl, Izidor Mlakar, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This study investigates the perceptions of Persona descriptions generated using three different large language models (LLMs) and qualitatively developed Personas by an expert panel involved in obesity research. Six different Personas were defined, three from the clinical domain and three from the educational domain. The descriptions of Personas were generated using qualitative methods and the LLMs (i.e., Bard, Llama, and ChatGPT). The perception of the developed Personas was evaluated by experts in the respective fields. The results show that, in general, the perception of Personas did not significantly differ between those generated using LLMs and those qualitatively developed by human experts. This indicates that LLMs have the potential to generate a consistent and valid representation of human stakeholders. The LLM-generated Personas were perceived as believable, relatable, and informative. However, post-hoc comparisons revealed some differences, with descriptions generated using the Bard model being in several Persona descriptions that were evaluated most favorably in terms of empathy, likability, and clarity. This study contributes to the understanding of the potential and challenges of LLM-generated Personas. Although the study focuses on obesity research, it highlights the importance of considering the specific context and the potential issues that researchers should be aware of when using generative AI for generating Personas.
Keywords: user personas, obesity, large language models, value sensitive design, digital health interventions
Published in DKUM: 14.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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2. Decoding anxiety : a scoping review of observable cuesUrška Smrke, Izidor Mlakar, Ana Rehberger, Leon Žužek, Nejc Plohl, 2024, review article Abstract: Background: While anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent mental diseases, they are often overlooked due to shortcomings of the existing diagnostic procedures, which predominantly rely on self-reporting. Due to recent technological advances, this source of information could be complemented by the so-called observable cues – indicators that are displayed spontaneously through individuals’ physiological responses or behaviour and can be detected by modern devices. However, while there are several individual studies on such cues, this research area lacks a synthesis. In line with this, our scoping review aimed to identify observable cues that offer meaningful insight into individuals’ anxiety and to determine how these cues can be measured. Methods: We followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. The search string containing terms related to anxiety and observable cues was entered into four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, ERIC, IEEE). While the search – limited to English peer-reviewed records published from 2012 onwards – initially yielded 2311 records, only 33 articles fit our selection criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Results: The scoping review unravelled various categories of observable cues of anxiety, specifically those related to facial expressions, speech and language, breathing, skin, heart, cognitive control, sleep, activity and motion, location data and smartphone use. Moreover, we identified various approaches for measuring these cues, including wearable devices, and analysing smartphone usage and social media activity. Conclusions: Our scoping review points to several physiological and behavioural cues associated with anxiety and highlights how these can be measured. These novel insights may be helpful for healthcare practitioners and fuel future research and technology development. However, as many cues were investigated only in a single study, more evidence is needed to generalise these findings and implement them into practice with greater confidence.
Keywords: anxiety, observable cues, digital biomarkers, scoping review, physiological cues, behavioural cues
Published in DKUM: 07.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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3. Unlocking the power of socially assistive robotic nurses in hospitals through innovative living lab methodologyUmut Arioz, Božidar Bratina, Izidor Mlakar, Nejc Plohl, Suzana Uran, Igor Robert Roj, Riko Šafarič, Valentino Šafran, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: co-creation, stakeholder engagement, socially assistive humanoid robots, living lab, hospital care
Published in DKUM: 03.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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4. Reasons for Facebook usage : data from 46 countriesMarta Kowal, Piotr Sorokowski, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Małgorzata Dobrowolska, Katarzyna Pisanski, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Maja Zupančič, Tina Kavčič, Bojan Musil, Nejc Plohl, Afifa Anjum, Kelly Asao, Chiemezie Atama, Derya Atamtürk Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Mons Bendixen, Aicha Bensafia, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, David M. Buss, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Katarzyna Cantarero, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Daniel Conroy-Beam, Marco A. C. Varella, Rosa M. Cueto, Marcin Czub, Daria Dronova, Seda Dural, Izzet Duyar, Berna Ertugrul, Agustín Espinosa, Ignacio Estevan, Carla S. Esteves, Tomasz Frackowiak, Jorge Contreras-Graduño, Farida Guemaz, Ivana Hromatko, Chin-Ming Hui, Iskra Herak, Jas L. Jaafar, Feng Jiang, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Nicolas Kervyn, Nils C. Köbis, András Láng, Georgina R. Lennard, Ernesto León, Torun Lindholm, Giulia Lopez, Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba, Alvaro Mailhos, Zoi Manesi, Rocío Martínez, Sarah L. McKerchar, Norbert Meskó, Girishwar Misra, Hoang Moc Lan, Conal Monaghan, Emanuel C. Mora, Alba Moya Garófano, George Nizharadze, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Mohd S. Omar Fauzee, Ike E. Onyishi, Baris Özener, Ariela F. Pagani, Vilmante Pakalniskiene, Miriam Parise, Farid Pazhoohi, Mariia Perun, Annette Pisanski, Camelia Popa, Pavol Prokop, Muhammad Rizwan, Mario Sainz, Svjetlana Salkicević, Ruta Sargautyte, Susanne Schmehl, Oksana Senyk, Rizwana Shaikh, Shivantika Sharad, Franco Simonetti, Meri Tadinac, Truong Thi Khanh Ha, Trinh Thi Linh, Karina Ugalde González, Nguyen Van Luot, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Luis D. Vega, Gyesook Yoo, Stanislava Yordanova Stoyanova, Zainab F. Zadeh, 2020, other scientific articles Keywords: online social networks, Facebook, cross cultural psychology, cross cultural differences, human sex differences, age differences, motives
Published in DKUM: 27.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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5. An end-to-end framework for extracting observable cues of depression from diary recordingsIzidor Mlakar, Umut Arioz, Urška Smrke, Nejc Plohl, Valentino Šafran, Matej Rojc, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Because of the prevalence of depression, its often-chronic course, relapse and associated disability, early detection and non-intrusive monitoring is a crucial tool for timely diagnosis and treatment, remission of depression and prevention of relapse. In this way, its impact on quality of life and well-being can be limited. Current attempts to use artificial intelligence for the early classification of depression are mostly data-driven and thus non-transparent and lack effective means to deal with uncertainties. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an end-to-end framework for extracting observable depression cues from diary recordings. Furthermore, we also explore its feasibility for automatic detection of depression symptoms using observable behavioural cues. The proposed end-to-end framework for extracting depression was used to evaluate 28 video recordings from the Symptom Media dataset and 27 recordings from the DAIC-WOZ dataset. We compared the presence of the extracted features between recordings of individuals with and without a depressive disorder. We identified several cues consistent with previous studies in terms of their differentiation between individuals with and without depressive disorder across both datasets among language (i.e., use of negatively valanced words, use of first-person singular pronouns, some features of language complexity, explicit mentions of treatment for depression), speech (i.e., monotonous speech, voiced speech and pauses, speaking rate, low articulation rate), and facial cues (i.e., rotational energy of head movements). The nature/context of the discourse, the impact of other disorders and physical/psychological stress, and the quality and resolution of the recordings all play an important role in matching the digital features to the relevant background. In this way, the work presented in this paper provides a novel approach to extracting a wide range of cues relevant to the classification of depression and opens up new opportunities for further research.
Keywords: digital biomarkers of depression, facial cues, speech cues, language cues, deep learning, end-to-end pipeline, artificial intelligence
Published in DKUM: 17.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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6. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Slovenian version of the Core outcome measures index for low back painMatevž Topolovec, David Vozlič, Nejc Plohl, Rok Vengust, Miha Vodičar, Anne Frances Mannion, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Background:To conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) in the Slovenian language, for use in patients with low back pain.
Methods:The English version of COMI was translated into Slovene following established guidelines. Three hundredfifty-three patients with chronic low back pain were recruited from the Orthopedic clinic department of a tertiary care teaching institution. Data quality, construct validity, responsiveness, and test-retest reliability of the COMI were assessed.
Results: The questionnaire was generally well accepted with no missing values. The majority of items exhibited only mild ceiling effects (below 20.0%) and some what more prominent floor effects, which were similar to previousstudies (4.5-78.8%). Correlations with Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were high (= 0.76 between overall COMI andODI scores), suggesting that the Slovene version of COMI had high construct validity. Additionally, the Slovene version of COMI successfully captured surgical patients' improvement in their low back problem after surgery(overall COMI score change: Z =9.34,p< .001, r =0.53) and showed acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.86).
Conclusions:The Slovene version of COMI showed good psychometric properties, comparable to those of previously tested language versions. It represents a valuable instrument for the use in future domestic and multicenter clinical studies.
Keywords: low back pain, validation, core outcome measures index, cross-cultural adaptation, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 27.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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7. A randomized controlled trial to improve psychological detachment from work and well-being among employees : a study protocol comparing online CBT-based and mindfulness interventionsSara Tement, Saša Zorjan, Meta Lavrič, Vita Poštuvan, Nejc Plohl, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Background: The changing landscape of the work environment, which often encompasses expectations of employees being continuously available, makes it difficult to disengage from work and recover. This can have a negative impact on employees’ well-being, resulting in burnout, depression and anxiety, among other difficulties. The current study will test the effectiveness of two different online interventions (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy; CBT and mindfulness-based stress reduction; MBSR) on employees’ psychological detachment, burnout and other variables related to general (e.g., life satisfaction) and work-specific (e.g., work engagement) well-being.
Methods/design: The study is designed as a randomized control trial with two intervention groups (i.e., CBT, MBSR) and a waitlist control group. Participants will be full-time employees from a wide range of organizations from Slovenia, who report moderate difficulties with psychological detachment from work and burnout and are not receiving any other form of treatment. The online interventions will encompass 12 sessions over 6 weeks (2 sessions per week); each session will include 1) an active audio-guided session and 2) home assignments, accompanied by handouts and worksheets. The study outcomes (i.e., psychological detachment, burnout, general and work-specific well-being), potential mechanisms (i.e., work-related maladaptive thinking patterns, mindfulness) and moderators (e.g., supervisor support for recovery) will be assessed immediately before and after the interventions (pre and post measurement) and 3 months after intervention completion (follow-up). Additionally, participants will fill out questionnaires for the assessment of the central mechanisms and study outcomes each week.
Discussion: We expect that the CBT-based intervention will lead to greater improvements in psychological detachment from work and burnout compared to the MBSR and the waitlist control group. Additionally, we expect that the CBT-based intervention will also lead to greater enhancement of both general and work-related well-being.
Keywords: psychology, detachment from work, well-being, cognitive-behavioral intervention, mindfulness
Published in DKUM: 23.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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8. Odnos med menstrualnimi simptomi zaposlenih in absentizmom ter prezentizmom : magistrsko deloPia Pezdiček, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Čeprav je menstrualna izkušnja naravna in vsakdanja, je le malo znanega o njenem pomenu za poklicno življenje zaposlenih oseb, ki menstruirajo. Resni menstrualni simptomi lahko imajo posledice, vidne v absentizmu (tj. delovni odsotnosti), prezentizmu (tj. prisotnosti na delu kljub ovirajočim simptomom z znižano učinkovitostjo) ter splošnih izgubah delovne učinkovitosti zaposlenega. Namen magistrskega dela je preučiti odnos med menstrualnimi simptomi in absentizmom ter prezentizmom zaradi menstruacije v slovenskem prostoru. Za celovitejše razumevanje tematike smo raziskali tudi dodatne konstrukte (npr. prepričanja o menstruaciji in socialno oporo). Sodelovalo je 144 polnoletnih oseb, ki menstruirajo in opravljajo vsaj polovični delovnik. Izpolnjevale so demografska vprašanja ter posamezna vprašanja o menstruaciji, Vprašalnik o simptomih, povezanih z menstruacijo (MRSQ), Vprašalnik prepričanj o menstruaciji in stališč do menstruacije (BATM), Stanfordsko lestvico prezentizma (SPS-6), Vprašalnik delovnih zahtev in virov (JCQ) ter vprašanji o absentizmu in prezentizmu iz Vprašalnika stroškov produktivnosti (iPCQ). Podatke smo analizirali s Pearsonovimi in Spearmanovimi korelacijskimi koeficienti, bivariatno linearno regresijo ter moderacijo. Ugotovili smo statistično pomembno pozitivno povezavo intenzivnosti menstrualnih simptomov in prezentizma zaradi menstruacije. Odkrili smo tudi statistično pomembno negativno povezanost stopnje izobrazbe in absentizma. Podobno smo zaključili za splošno oporo in oporo nadrejenega ter prezentizem. Neznatna pozitivna povezava prepričanj o skrivanju menstruacije in prezentizma poudarja potrebo po intervencijah na moško kot tudi žensko dominantnih področjih dela. Predpostavk o pomenu dela na daljavo ter moderacijskih učinkih menstrualne diagnoze in socialne opore pri prezentizmu nismo potrdili. Naknadno smo ugotovili še, da sta splošna intenzivnost simptomov in intenzivnost menstrualnih bolečin statistično pomembna napovednika prezentizma. Izsledke smo interpretirali ter izpostavili prednosti, pomanjkljivosti raziskave in možnosti nadaljnjega raziskovanja.
Keywords: menstrualni simptomi, absentizem, prezentizem, socialna opora, prepričanja
Published in DKUM: 29.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 46
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9. Odnos med psihološko prožnostjo, izgorelostjo, uravnavanjem čustev, optimizmom in izidi duševnega zdravja študentske populacije v času zdravstvene krize : magistrsko deloAljaž Bogolin, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Pandemija covida-19 je močno zaznamovala duševno zdravje študentov, ki so se soočali s povečanim stresom, osamljenostjo in negotovostjo glede prihodnosti. Magistrsko delo preučuje odnose med psihološko prožnostjo, izgorelostjo (izčrpanostjo), strategijami uravnavanja čustev, optimizmom in izidi duševnega zdravja med študentsko populacijo v času zdravstvene krize. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 189 študentov, ki so bili spremljani v treh zaporednih tednih. Namen je bil ugotoviti, kako psihološka prožnost in izčrpanost napovedujeta uporabo kognitivnega prevrednotenja, socialnega deljenja ter optimizem in kako so te spremenljivke povezane z zaznanim stresom, pozitivnim in negativnim afektom ter občutkom nadzora. Izvedeno je bilo modeliranje strukturnih enačb, ki je omogočilo preučevanje kompleksnih odnosov med spremenljivkami. Rezultati so pokazali, da je psihološka prožnost pozitivno povezana s kognitivnim prevrednotenjem in optimizmom, optimizem pa mediira odnos med prožnostjo in občutkom nadzora. Poleg tega optimizem mediira odnos izčrpanosti z zaznanim občutkom nadzora. Kognitivno prevrednotenje nepričakovano napoveduje višje ravni zaznanega stresa zaradi pandemije, medtem ko socialno deljenje ni imelo statistično pomembnih učinkov na izide duševnega zdravja. Raziskava ponuja vpogled v mehanizme ohranjanja duševnega zdravja v zdravstvenih krizah in poudarja pomen prožnosti, izčrpanosti, optimizma in občutka kontrole. Za boljše razumevanje teh dejavnikov in njihove medsebojne povezanosti so potrebne dodatne raziskave v obliki nadgrajenih replikacij naše raziskave.
Keywords: psihološka prožnost, izčrpanost, optimizem, občutek kontrole, zdravstvena kriza
Published in DKUM: 28.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 36
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10. Development and validation of the perceived deepfake trustworthiness questionnaire (PDTQ) in three languagesNejc Plohl, Izidor Mlakar, Letizia Aquilino, Piercosma Bisconti, Urška Smrke, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Exposure to false information is becoming a common occurrence in our daily lives. New developments in artificial intelligence are now used to produce increasingly sophisticated multimedia false content, such as deepfakes, making false information even more challenging to detect and combat. This creates expansive opportunities to mislead individuals into believing fabricated claims and negatively influence their attitudes and behavior. Therefore, a better understanding of how individuals perceive such content and the variables related to the perceived trustworthiness of deepfakes is needed. In the present study, we developed and validated the Perceived Deepfake Trustworthiness Questionnaire (PDTQ) in English, Italian, and Slovene. This was done in three phases. First, we developed the initial pool of items by reviewing previous studies, generating items via interviews and surveys, and employing artificial intelligence. Second, we shortened and adapted the questionnaire according to experts’ evaluation of content validity and translated the questionnaire into Italian and Slovene. Lastly, we evaluated the psychometric characteristics via a cross-sectional study in three languages (N ¼ 733). The exploratory factor analyses suggested a two-factor solution, with the first factor measuring the perceived trustworthiness of the content and the second measuring the perceived trustworthiness of the presentation. This factorial structure was replicated in confirmatory factor analyses. Moreover, our analyses provided support for PDTQ’s reliability, measurement invariance across all three languages, and its construct and incremental validity. As such, the PDTQ is a reliable, measurement invariant, and valid tool for comprehensive exploration of individuals’ perception of deepfake videos.
Keywords: deepfakes, misinformation, perception, questionnaire validation, trust
Published in DKUM: 03.09.2024; Views: 30; Downloads: 11
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