1. Post-fault energy usage optimization for multilevel inverter with integrated batteryRok Friš, Jure Domajnko, Nataša Prosen, Mitja Truntič, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents a novel sorting algorithm for modular multilevel inverters (MMCs) with integrated batteries, designed to ensure the uninterrupted operation of electric vehicles (EVs) under post-fault conditions. The proposed system structure consists of an MMC with four full-bridge modules per phase, where one module acts as a spinning reserve during normal operation. The algorithm addresses a single switch fault per phase by operating the faulted module in half-bridge mode, ensuring all batteries remain operational and maintaining full power output and battery capacity without any noticeable changes for the vehicle operator. Unlike conventional fault-tolerant strategies that often reduce power output or disable affected modules, the proposed algorithm isolates the faulty switch while preserving system output. This approach avoids derating and eliminates the need for immediate maintenance, enabling the EV to continue operating under fault conditions. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm under a single switch fault scenario, demonstrating its ability to maintain autonomy and consistent power delivery. This work demonstrates a fault-tolerant MMC principle, offering a robust and scalable solution for enhancing reliability and user satisfaction in EV power systems.
Keywords: modular multilevel converter, fault tolerance, redundancy, uninterrupted operation, sorting algorithm
Published in DKUM: 09.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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2. On-line foreign object detection using double DD coils in an inductive wireless power transfer systemNataša Prosen, Miro Milanovič, Jure Domajnko, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: This paper proposes an on-line method for foreign object detection in a double DD coil
system. The foreign object is detected by real-time measurement of the mutual inductance between
the transfer pads. Measurement of the mutual inductance between coils can be performed at the
start, during initialisation, or during the wireless power transfer. The coils in the double DD coil
structure can be used separately; one coil can be used for power transfer and the other can be used
for the mutual inductance measurement. The mutual inductance measurement is based on the
voltage measurement across the open circuit receiver coil. The measured value of mutual inductance
between the transmitter and the receiver pad can be used in a control algorithm and in a foreign
object detection algorithm. Additionally, a 2DDq coil structure can be used as a replacement for the
double DD coil structure, which increases the power transfer density. The DD coils in the double DD
coil structure can also be driven using two phase-shifted voltages, which enables better location and
detection of foreign objects. The method also helps to differentiate the mutual inductance change due
to the distance change from the mutual inductance change due to the presence of a foreign object.
Keywords: WPT, double DD coil structure, mutual inductance measurement, coupling coefficient measurement, FOD, on-line measurement
Published in DKUM: 01.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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3. 3D platform for coupling coefficient evaluation of an inductive power transfer systemsJure Domajnko, Miro Milanovič, Nataša Prosen, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents a custom-made, computer-connected, and controlled 3D platform that
enables the evaluation of the coupling coefficient between the transmitter and receiver coil parts of an
inductive wireless power transfer (IPT) system. The platform includes a computer application, a 3D
positioning mechanism, and an inductance measurement circuit. The positioning mechanism moves
the coils to the point in 3D space, and the inductance circuit measures the mutual inductance between
the transmitter and the receiver coil. The measured value can be used to calculate the coupling
coefficient between the transmitter and the receiver coil. The data are sent to the computer for further
visualisation. The transmitter and the receiver coil can be evaluated by measuring the coupling
coefficient between them in multiple points in space. Measurements performed with the platform
can be used in the design and evaluation phases of inductive wireless power transfer systems and to
extrapolate the polynomial function of the coupling coefficient in relation to the distance between
coils or their misalignment.
Keywords: coupling coefficient, inductance measurement, IPT coil design
Published in DKUM: 01.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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4. Magnetic flux density measurement platform for an inductive wireless power transmitter coil designNataša Prosen, Miro Milanovič, Jure Domajnko, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents a platform developed for automated magnetic flux density measurement. The platform was designed to be used to measure the magnetic flux density of the
transmitter/receiver coil of an inductive wireless power transfer system. The magnetic flux density
of a transmitter was measured using a small, 3-axis search coil. The search coil was positioned in
the 3D space above the transmitter coil using a 3D positioning mechanism and used to measure
the magnetic flux density at a specific point. The data was then sent to a computer application to
visualize the magnetic flux density. The measured magnetic field could be used in combination with
electromagnetic field solvers to design and optimize transmitter coils for inductive wireless power
transfer systems.
Keywords: magnetic field, magnetic flux density, IPT, transmitter coil design, EM solver
Published in DKUM: 01.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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5. Control of an inductive power transfer system using a double coil structureNataša Prosen, Mitja Truntič, Jure Domajnko, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents the design of the control of the system using a double DD coil structure.
The double DD coil is a layered coil structure that consists of two single DD coils, rotated to each other
by 90◦. A large-signal and small-signal model of the proposed IPT system are designed for control
synthesis. The small-signal model is derived from the large-signal using harmonic approximation
and the extended describing functions (EDF). For the small-signal model, voltage and current control
schemes were proposed for the purpose of wireless battery charging. The robustness of the control is
tested on a small-scale IPT system using double DD coils and resistive load. The results are evaluated
at different reference voltages, currents, loads and coupling coefficients.
Keywords: wireless power transfer, double DD coil structure, voltage control, IPT with multiple coils
Published in DKUM: 28.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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6. Modeling and control of a three-phase interleaved buck converter as a battery chargerEl Nouha Mammeri, Oswaldo Lopez-Santos, Abdelali El Aroudi, Jure Domajnko, Nataša Prosen, Luis Martinez-Salamero, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: In this paper, a control design methodology is proposed for the implementation of a three-phase interleaved buck converter as a battery charger. The control strategy consists of a multiple-loop controller in cascade configuration to implement the constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) protocol for the fast charging of an electric vehicle (EV) battery. To compensate for the inherent asymmetric distribution of the current between the phases, the first control loop (inner loop) is dedicated to implement the democratic current sharing technique, while the two outer loops constitute a seamless controller, which allows a soft transition from CC mode to CV mode when charging the battery. The controllers are designed using the root locus method and conventional rules for cascade controllers. The design methodology is validated and tested by numerical simulations of the switched model system implemented in PSIM software. The obtained results put in evidence a robust performance in front of input voltage and load variations, failure conditions and other parametric uncertainties. A 1.5 kW experimental prototype is implemented to charge a battery of 48 V from a 100 V DC input voltage and to validate the theoretical predictions and the simulation results. The proposal opens the way for subsequent research in ultrafast charging of batteries.
Keywords: battery charger, interleaved buck converter, cascade control, fast charging
Published in DKUM: 30.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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7. Comparison of different modulation control strategies for wireless power transfer systemJure Domajnko, Oto Težak, Mitja Truntič, Nataša Prosen, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: When designing a wireless power transfer system, overall system efficiency is one of the key parameters. The efficiency depends on several parameters, which also includes control modulation, used for excitation of the transmitter coil. However, how much the modulation technique impacts the efficiency is studied rarely. In this paper, we compare the three most popular control modulation techniques for transmitter voltage of a wireless power transfer system. First, the theory behind the methods is presented by highlighting the difference between them and their implementation. The methods are implemented, together with a linear PI control scheme, to evaluate the efficiency and performance of each of the methods. Finally, the practical tests were performed, under different output power levels, in order to evaluate the practical performance of each modulation strategy further
Keywords: inductive power transfer, full-bridge inverter, inverter modulation comparison, efficiency comparison
Published in DKUM: 08.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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8. Optimization of a circular planar spiral wireless power transfer coil using a genetic algorithmNataša Prosen, Jure Domajnko, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Circular planar spiral coils are the most important parts of wireless power transfer systems. This paper presents the optimization of wireless power transfer coils used for wireless power transfer, which is a problem when designing wireless power transfer systems. A single transmitter coil transfers power to a single receiving side. The performance of the wireless power transfer system depends greatly on the size and shape of the wireless power transfer system. Therefore, the optimization of the coils is of the utmost importance. The main optimization parameter was the coupling coefficient between the transmitter and the receiver coil in the horizontally aligned and misaligned position. A genetic evolutionary algorithm was used to optimize the coil, according to the developed cost function. The algorithm was implemented using the MATLAB programming language. The constraints regarding the design of the coils are also presented for the problem to be analyzed correctly. The results obtained using the genetic algorithm were first verified using FEM simulations. The optimized coils were later fabricated and measured to confirm the theory.
Keywords: wireless power transfer, coil optimization, genetic algorithm, coupling coefficient measurement
Published in DKUM: 14.08.2024; Views: 77; Downloads: 9
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9. A z-axis-tolerant inductive power transfer system using a bipolar double d receiver coil structureJure Domajnko, Nataša Prosen, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents a solution to a limitation of wireless power transfer that arises when using two D-shaped transmitter and receiver coils. Double D, or DD, coils are well known to have a polar, directional magnetic field, which increases the misalignment tolerance in one of the directions. The misalignment tolerance is nonsymmetric, and it is significantly better in one of the directions, which can also be considered a shortcoming. An additional shortcoming of the DD coil is that it is dependent on the rotation around the z-axis, due to the directional magnetic field. This is not a problem when using classic planar spiral coils, which do not generate a directional magnetic field. Therefore, DD coils are not suitable for applications in which the z-axis orientation is not determined and fixed to specific angle and direction. This paper presents a unique design of a transmitter coil, based on a double DD coil. The transmitter coil consists of two DD coils which are perpendicular to each other. The proposed transmitter structure can excite the receiver DD coil in a way that the efficiency of the power transfer is the highest, regardless of the orientation. The proposed transmitter structure can, therefore, solve the problem with rotation of a single DD coil. The proposed system structure was tested on the small-scale experimental setup
Keywords: coil rotation, orientation detection, DD coils, IPT
Published in DKUM: 20.12.2023; Views: 331; Downloads: 28
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