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Abstract: Študijsko gradivo je zasnovano kot integrirani pripomoček za študente prve stopnje univerzitetnega študijskega programa Pravo na Pravni fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru, ki obiskujejo predmet Obligacijsko pravo. Gradivo je namenjeno podpori obrnjenemu in problemsko orientiranemu učenju, pri čemer vključuje teoretična vprašanja, trditve in praktične primere, s katerimi študentje poglobijo razumevanje obravnavane snovi. Vsako poglavje nudi usmeritve za študij, pregled ključnih pojmov in naloge za utrjevanje znanja. Gradivo pomaga študentom razvijati analitične sposobnosti in pravno razmišljanje, kar je bistveno za uspešno reševanje pravnih problemov tako med študijem kot v kasnejši karieri. Poleg priprave na izpit pri predmetu Obligacijsko pravo je gradivo koristno tudi za poglabljanje znanja pri drugih predmetih s področja civilnega in gospodarskega prava.
Keywords: obligacijsko pravo, neposlovne obveznosti, odškodninska obveznost, neupravičena obogatitev, poslovodstvo brez naročila
Published in DKUM: 06.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 16
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Abstract: V magistrskem delu so obravnavani mednarodni oboroženi spopadi, načini vojskovanja in sredstva vojskovanja, torej orožja in orožni sistemi, ki se v oboroženih spopadih uporabljajo. Delo tako vsebuje splošen opis mednarodnih (in nemednarodnih) oboroženih spopadov, predstavitev nekaterih tipičnih načinov vojskovanja in nekaterih skupin orožij, tako konvencionalnih kot orožij za množično uničenje. Obdelana pa so tudi orožja, ki so se pojavila šele v bližnji preteklosti in se še intenzivno razvijajo. Nadalje je podan pregled nekaterih najpomembnejših pravnih virov zadevnega področja, kot sta haaško in ženevsko pravo, na koncu pa je podan še kratek opis (sodobnega) mednarodnega humanitarnega prava, vključno z njegovo uporabo in opisom dejavnosti organizacije, ki predstavlja simbol tega pravnega področja – Mednarodnega odbora Rdečega križa.
Keywords: vojno stanje, haaške konvencije, ženevske konvencije, vojskovanje na kopnem, jedrsko orožje, biološko orožje, avtonomno orožje, humanitarno pravo
Published in DKUM: 20.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 27
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Abstract: This master’s thesis presents a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the concept of diplomatic protection of dual nationals. It primarily draws upon the ILC’s Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, with a particular emphasis on Articles 6 and 7. Additionally, it considers the case law of international courts and tribunals as a secondary source of insight. Although the concept of diplomatic protection and dual nationality are not novel in the context of international law, the relationship between them has recently attracted greater scrutiny due to the influence of evolving geopolitical and social factors. Accordingly, the master’s thesis examines the notion of diplomatic protection and its relationship to dual nationals, with particular emphasis on pivotal turning points and rulings that have shaped contemporary perceptions of the issue. The concept of diplomatic protection as defined by international law enables a State to assert the rights of its citizens who have suffered injury abroad as a result of an infringement of international law. This is predicated on the connection between the nationality and the State, as well as the injured individual, since the right to diplomatic protection is usually extended to the State of nationality of an individual. Furthermore, the prerequisite of exhaustion of local remedies must be satisfied. In the case of diplomatic protection of dual nationals, two options are available under Draft Articles: a claim can be made against a third State in which the individual does not hold nationality, or against the other State of nationality. Article 7 of the Draft Articles stipulates that a State of nationality is precluded from providing diplomatic protection to a dual national against another State of nationality unless the former State’s nationality is predominant. In determining the factors that shape the predominance of one’s nationality, the Merge case is instructive. These factors include individual residence, family ties and the centre of one’s interest. With regard to claims for diplomatic protection against a third State, Article 6 of the Draft Articles stipulates that both States of nationality may jointly exercise diplomatic protection against a third State in which the dual national does not hold nationality, relying on the Salem case. Furthermore, in the absence of a genuine link to a State of nationality, third States are unable to contest the claims.
Keywords: diplomatic protection of dual nationals, dual nationality, the Nottebohm case, the Flegenheimer case, the Merge case, the Salem case, the Canevaro case, diplomatic protection, ILC Draft articles on Diplomatic Protection, Article 6, Article 7, nationality of the claim, predominant nationality
Published in DKUM: 04.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 42
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Abstract: This master’s thesis systematically and in-depth examines the notion of self-defence, primarily through the ratione personae aspect and thus focuses on the possibility of its use against non-state actors. While the use of self-defence against non-state actors is not a new phenomenon in international law, it is nonetheless taking on new dimensions, particularly in the context of the fight against terrorism. The right to self-defence is one of the exceptions to the jus cogens prohibition of the use of force. It is an ‘inherent’ right, codified in Article 51 of the UN Charter and forming part of customary international law. According to the primary understanding, the right to self-defence had a State-centric approach, which was also continuously affirmed in the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice. Consequently, a State could only use self-defence against a non-state actor if its actions were imputable to another State in whose territory defensive force was being used. However, especially after the 9/11 attack there have been tendencies to broaden the right to self-defence and allow its use even if the actions by a non-state actor are not attributable to a State under the current attributability standards. Due to the complexity of the right to self-defence it requires careful examination through different aspects and sources of international law. It can be observed that the opinions regarding the expansion of the right to self-defence are very different. Firstly, scholars have widely divergent views regarding the correct interpretation of Article 51 of the UN Charter under the rules of the VCLT. Secondly, in its previous judgements, the International Court of Justice has maintained the State-centric approach, while potentially allowing room for a more expansive approach to self-defence. Thirdly, States have since the 9/11 attack started to regularly invoke the right to self-defence when using extraterritorial force against non-state actors. However, the reactions of States relating to such use of force and the opinions of scholars regarding the implications of such State practice, are equivocal. Taking everything into consideration this master’s thesis concludes that neither Article 51 of the UN Charter nor customary international law allow the use of self-defence against non-state actors, whose actions are not attributable to a State. Although the right to self-defence is undoubtedly expanding, its scope is not yet fully crystallized.
Keywords: the right to self-defence, non-state actors, the prohibition of the use of force, terrorism, Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, extraterritorial use of force, jus ad bellum, Nicaragua case, attributability
Published in DKUM: 08.09.2023; Views: 808; Downloads: 191
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Abstract: Študijsko gradivo v obliki zbirke vaj je namenjeno študentom prve stopnje bolonjskega študijskega programa Pravo pri predmetu Mednarodno javno pravo na Pravni fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru. Študijsko gradivo je pripravljeno za izvedbo vaj v pedagoškem procesu. Naloge so razdeljene na dva dela. Prvi del zajema praktične primere, drugi del pa vprašanja in trditve. Pričujoči Zbirki vaj je priložena tudi Ustanovna listina Združenih narodov s Statutom Meddržavnega sodišča. Študijsko gradivo služi kot priprava na izpit pri predmetu Mednarodno javno pravo, kot pripomoček pa lahko pride prav tudi pri drugih predmetih s področja mednarodnega prava.
Keywords: mednarodno pravo, subjekti, viri, načela mednarodnega prava, mirno reševanje sporov, človekove pravice, Organizacija združenih narodov, Svetovna trgovinska organizacija
Published in DKUM: 21.08.2023; Views: 570; Downloads: 72
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