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Abstract: Walking, as a mode of transport, is becoming widespread, in a world, where urban conglomerates are broadening and becoming denser. Modern lifestyle trends on a side, and eco-friendly policies on the other, push people into walking habits, increasing the need for a suitable, attractive, accessible, connected and safe walking infrastructure. To reach such a result, it is necessary to understand, what are the needs of the users of this infrastructure, taking into consideration the behavioral specificities and the safety needs of pedestrians. In this process pedestrian microsimulation models, surrogate safety techniques, and technologies able to measure specific traits of pedestrian dynamics play a central role. The firsts allow to reproduce repeatedly in a virtual environment a specific infrastructure and to study the response of pedestrians. Nevertheless, to be accurate and efficient, they need to go through long and tedious calibration and validation processes, that are often seen as an important limitation by technicians. Surrogate safety techniques are methods, that are based on the concept, that it is possible to predict the safety level of a location, using near accidents. The main advantage of such techniques is that they are proactive. Till this moment, these techniques have been mainly applied to on-field measurements and are primarily centered on motorized road users. Less interest has been shown for vulnerable road users, especially for pedestrians, who have been less extensively studied. Finally, an element that could highly affect pedestrian safety is their reaction time. Nevertheless, its measurement has long been a big issue. Eye-tracking technology could be one of the solutions, allowing to analyze the directions and objects fixated by pedestrians. These listed issues are also the topics that are addressed by this research work. Focusing on the study of the action of pedestrians while crossing the road on an unsignalized crosswalk set on a roundabout entry leg, the dissertation thesis aims at studying the crossing time, reaction time and surrogate safety aspects typical of pedestrians at the recalled location. The main purpose of the research work is to develop a methodology to calibrate pedestrian Social Force Model at a selected location, using a specifically formulated neural network as a tool to fine-tune model's behavioral parameters. Eight parameters have been chosen to be fine-tuned, five of those are related to pedestrian behavior and three of them are related to car-following behavior. After the selection of input parameters, a feedforward network has been formulated. Its application in the framework of the whole calibration process has brought to considerably positive results, finding a combination of input parameters that improved the performance of the microsimulation model of 37 % in comparison to the default one. The outputs of the calibrated model have been used to calculate three measures of surrogate safety, and also in this case results demonstrated an improvement in the calculation of surrogate safety measures when using the calibrated outcomes in comparison to their calculation on the “default” model outputs. Finally, reaction time measurement and prediction have been addressed by the thesis, in order to be able to describe pedestrian crossing action in its completeness. Quantitative eye-tracking outputs have been the starting point for the calculation of pedestrian reaction time at different locations, and they allowed to create a database of behavioral, geometric, regulatory and flow characteristics, which was the foundation for the formulation of a new prediction model for pedestrian reaction time. The prediction model, which consists of a cascade-correlation neural network, gave a good response to the learning and generalization steps, turning a 74 % correlation between the measured reaction time values and the predicted ones, and being able to follow the variability of these values.
Keywords: pedestrian, microsimulation model, calibration, neural network, surrogate safety indicators, reaction time.
Published in DKUM: 03.10.2022; Views: 375; Downloads: 52
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Abstract: The aim of the master's thesis was to conduct research on the use of intelligent transport systems in the current training of future drivers and their knowledge of the content and also knowledge of the content of employees in teh field of training of future drivers The current methods of driver training in individual countries are presented, with a more detailed description of their implementation and the method of testing the acquired knowledge. At the same time, the survey was conducted in the Republic of Croatia and the information on how well people are generally familiar with the knowledge of intelligent transport systems, how they apply them and what do they consider as usable intelligent systems were collected. The research was also conducted among employees in the field of training of future drivers, also in the Republic of Croatia, where were obtained on what changes employees believe have to be done, or how changes in the automotive industry could affect their work, such as is the phenomenon of autonomous driving. After that, a comparison of driver training nowadays wth the proposal of future training with the use of intelligent transport systems is presented.
Keywords: novice drivers, traffic safety, driving education, intelligent vehicle systems, autonomous driving
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2022; Views: 183; Downloads: 17
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Abstract: V projektni nalogi so uvodoma predstavljeni najpogostejši razlogi za nastanek prometnih nesreč. Nadalje je podana analiza prometne varnosti v Evropi in Sloveniji. Podrobneje je predstavljena analiza prometne varnosti na regionalni cesti Lovrenc na Pohorju–RušeMaribor. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je trenutno stanje zadovoljivo, vendar pa je še veliko prostora za izboljšanje prometne varnosti. Predlagani so tudi nekateri ukrepi za izboljšanje prometne varnosti na obravnavani relaciji.
Keywords: prometna varnost, analiza prometnih nesreč, ukrepi prometne varnosti
Published in DKUM: 12.09.2019; Views: 715; Downloads: 50
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Abstract: V magistrskem delu je predstavljenih več vrst merilcev prometnih obremenitev, ki se uporabljajo v Sloveniji. Podatke teh obremenitev lahko pridobivamo z avtomatskim ali tudi ročnim štetjem prometa. Pridobljeni podatki so temeljna informacija o prometu, ki se odvija na naših cestah. Na avtocestah in hitrih cestah uporabljajo različne vrste merilcev prometnih podatkov, ki se med sabo razlikujejo predvsem po natančnosti in klasificiranju vozil. V raziskovalnem delu smo s primerjavo in analizo dobljenih podatkov avtomatskih števcev in ročnega štetja ugotavljali, katera vrsta avtomatskih merilcev prometnih podatkov je najbližje rezultatom ročnega štetja. Podatki, pridobljeni z mikrodetektorjem, so se glede na ročno štetje razlikovali za 0,9 %, podatki iz induktivne zanke pa za 2,8 %. Kljub nekaj težavam z videoposnetkom in subjektivnim pristopom pri razvrščanju vozil v posamezne kategorije, ki jih zaznavajo števci, lahko ugotovimo, da sta oba avtomatska števca zanesljiva. Natančnost je višja od 95 %, kar je primerljivo s podatki o posameznih števcih, zapisanimi v karakteristikah teh števcev.
Keywords: Avtocesta/hitra cesta (AC/HC), zajemanje prometnih podatkov, merilci prometnih podatkov, analiza natančnosti izmerjenih podatkov
Published in DKUM: 24.10.2018; Views: 834; Downloads: 104
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Abstract: Naloga se nanaša na prometno-varnostno analizo glavne ceste G1-1 Dravograd-Maribor. V nalogi ni obravnava celotna dolžina glavne ceste G1-1 Dravograd–Maribor, ampak samo del cestnega odseka, in sicer G1-1 Radlje–Selnica, v dolžini 24,907 km. Začetek le-tega je v začetni stacionaži cestnega odseka G1-1 0243 Radlje–Brezno v občini Radlje ob Dravi, konča pa se pri dolžini 6,211 tekočega km cestnega odseka G1-1 0245 Ruta–Selnica v občini Selnica ob Dravi. Prometno-varnostna analiza je narejena na podlagi podatkov o prometnih nesrečah, ki so se pripetile na cestnem odseku G1-1 Radlje–Selnica v obdobju 10 let, tj. med leti 2008–2017. Analiza prometnih nesreč je sestavljena iz dveh delov. V prvem delu so analizirane prometne nesreče, nastale v in izven naselij na cestnem odseku G1-1 Radlje–Selnica in po krajših cestnih odsekih G1-1 0243 Radlje–Brezno, G1-1 0244 Brezno–Ruta ter G1-1 0245 Ruta–Selnica, saj le-ti trije krajši cestni odseki sestavljajo cestni odsek G1-1 Radlje–Selnica. V drugem delu analize pa je v krajši obliki podana analiza podatkov prometnih nesreč, ki so se pripetile v naseljih Vas, Brezno in Ožbalt skupaj. Na podlagi podatkov o (stacionažah in posledicah) prometnih nesrečah je uporabljena metoda za določanje nevarnih cestnih odsekov. Le-ta upošteva tri prometno-varnostne kriterije, na osnovi katerih so določeni nevarni cestni pododseki v in izven naselij, ki se zaradi različnih omejitev hitrosti v metodi določajo ločeno. Pregled varnosti v cestnem prometu (RSI) smo izvedli na območju dveh nevarnih cestnih pododsekov izven naselja, ki sta locirana na cestnem odseku G1-1 0243 Radlje–Brezno in na cestnem odseku G1-1 0245 Ruta–Selnica, ter na enem nevarnem cestnem pododseku v naselju Brezno. Na podlagi RSI so podani morebitni ukrepi z namenom izboljšanja prometne varnosti na nevarnih cestnih pododsekih.
Keywords: prometno-varnostna analiza, glavna cesta, prometne nesreče, cestni odsek, nevarni pododseki, pregled varnosti v cestnem prometu – road safety inspecton (RSI)
Published in DKUM: 06.07.2018; Views: 1300; Downloads: 200
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