1. Bralni vzori : bralne navade strokovnih delavcev v vrtcih, šolah ter knjižnicahDragica Haramija, Sabina Fras Popović, Sonja Pečjak, Milena Ivanuš-Grmek, Petra Javrh, Polona Jančič Hegediš, Tjaša Jug, Miha Kovač, Marta Licardo, Monika Mithans, Mojca Puncer, Polonca Šek, Katarina Švab, Janja Usenik, Polona Vilar, Ines Voršič, Sabina Ograjšek, 2025 Abstract: Bralna pismenost se razvija v celotnem človekovem življenju, še posebej intenzivno pa v času izobraževanja. Med ključnimi dejavniki za razvijanje bralnih kompetenc in bralne kulture pri otrocih ter mladih je odrasli, ki spremlja njihov razvoj in je bralni zgled. V prvi vrsti so to starši in skrbniki, a s(m)o tudi strokovni delavci v izobraževalni in knjižnični dejavnosti izredno pomembni spodbujevalci bralnih navad otrok, učencev, dijakov, študentov in drugih odraslih v izobraževalnem procesu. V projektu Bralni vzori: bralne navade strokovnih delavcev v vrtcih, šolah in fakultetah ter splošnih knjižnicah smo se posvetili proučevanju in vrednotenju pomena ter vloge, razumevanja, razširjenosti in razvitosti ter prisotnosti bralnih navad strokovnih delavcev v izobraževanju in knjižnicah. Projekt traja 24 mesecev (od oktobra 2023 do septembra 2025), v njem pa sodeluje 17 raziskovalcev s Pedagoške fakultete Univerze v Mariboru in Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
Keywords: bralna pismenost, bralne navade pedagoških delavcev, bralne navade knjižničarjev, pogostost branja, kakovost bralnih gradiv
Published in DKUM: 12.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 59
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2. Celostni model vpliva cikličnega gvanozin monofosfata na molekularne mehanizme znotrajcelične kalcijeve signalizacije v gladkih mišičnih celicah arterij : magistrsko deloKatarina Meštrović, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: V magistrski nalogi preučujemo molekularne mehanizme vpliva cikličnega gvanozin monofosfata (cGMP) na kalcijevo (Ca2+) signalizacijo v gladkih mišičnih celicah (GMC) arterij ter posledično na njihovo kontrakcijo oziroma relaksacijo. Obstoječi fizikalno-matematični model, ki vsebuje šest mehanizmov, preko katerih cGMP posredno ali neposredno vpliva na signal Ca2+, nadgradimo z dvema dodatnima mehanizmoma delovanja cGMP. To sta vpliv cGMP na od Ca2+ odvisne klorove (Cl-) kanale (ClCa), ki se nahajajo v celični membrani, in na črpalke za Ca2+ v membrani sarkoplazemskega retikuluma (SERCA). Študij vpliva cGMP na ClCa je zanimiv predvsem zaradi razlik med tipi teh kanalov v pljučni in mezenterični arteriji. Mezenterična arterija vsebuje dva tipa ClCa kanalov: od cGMP neodvisne ClCa in od cGMP odvisne ClCa (ClCacGMP), medtem ko pljučna arterija vsebuje zgolj od cGMP neodvisen tip teh kanalov (ClCa). S fizikalno-matematičnim modelom za oba tipa arterij simuliramo učinek cGMP na signal Ca2+ v GMC, ki se lahko izraža v obliki oscilacij ali stacionarnega stanja ter določimo povprečno koncentracijo Ca2+ v citoplazmi, ki odraža stopnjo kontrakcije. Poleg tega preučujemo tudi vpliv cGMP na SERCA. Rezultati simulacij kažejo, da visoka koncentracija cGMP v modelu, ki vključuje ClCacGMP, privede do povišane povprečne znotrajcelične koncentracije Ca2+. To se zgodi pri koncentracijah nad 10 µM. Nasprotno pa v modelu brez kanalov ClCacGMP višanje koncentracije cGMP zniža povprečno znotrajcelično koncentracijo Ca2+, kar je skladno s pričakovanji glede relaksacijskega učinka pri visokih koncentracijah cGMP. Iz simulacij je tudi razvidno, da je kanal ClCacGMP zaradi svoje večje občutljivosti na Ca2+ pri visokih koncentracijah cGMP odgovoren za povečan vstop Ca2+ v celico, kar povzroči višjo koncentracijo citosolnega Ca2+ v mezenterični arterij.
Keywords: gladka mišična celica, ciklični gvanozin monofosfat, od kalcija odvisni klorovi kanali, pljučna arterija, mezenterična arterija, kalcijeva signalizacija, fizikalno-matematični model
Published in DKUM: 08.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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3. Zasnova in izdelava prototipa delovnega elementa prstnega okopalnika v sodelovanju s podjetjem Tehnos d.o.o. : diplomsko deloKatarina Lipovšek, 2024, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Kmetijstvo se sooča z vedno novejšimi spremembami in izzivi. Zaradi želje po bolj sonaravnem kmetovanju ter zmanjšanju uporabe FFS smo želeli preučiti različne načine zatiranja plevela. Osredotočili smo se predvsem na mehansko zatiranje plevela, natančneje na prstni okopalnik. Prstni okopalnik je orodje, ki je specifično namenjeno okopavanju kultur, ki so sajene v vrstah na razdalji 25 cm ali več. Pri opravljeni osnovni analizi trga smo ugotovili, da je na trgu veliko proizvajalcev tega orodja ter da ima orodje zelo visoko ceno. Zato smo se s podjetjem Tehnos d.o.o. odločili, da izdelamo cenejši prototip, ki bo kmetovalcem dostopen. Končni izdelek bo cenejši zaradi poenostavljene oblike, napredne tehnologije strojev v podjetju Tehnos d.o.o. ter več desetletij izkušenj v izdelavi kmetijske mehanizacije. To diplomsko delo zajema tako agronomski in ekonomski vidik kot tudi strojniški vidik.
Keywords: prstni okopalnik, zasnova in izdelava prototipa, Tehnos d.o.o., mehansko zatiranje plevela, zatiranje plevela v vrsti
Published in DKUM: 07.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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4. Učinek rdečega kvasnega riža pri uravnavanju hiperholesterolemijKatarina Bevc, 2025, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Uvod: Hiperholesterolemija predstavlja pomemben javnozdravstveni izziv, saj povečuje tveganje za srčno-žilne bolezni, ki so glavni vzrok smrti po vsem svetu. Zdravljenje običajno temelji na farmakoloških pristopih, kot so statini, vendar ti pogosto povzročajo neželene učinke. Rdeč kvasni riž (RYR), uveljavljen kot naravni prehranski dodatek, vsebuje monakolin K, ki je strukturno enak lovastatinu. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati možnost obvladovanja hiperholesterolemij z uživanjem rdečega kvasnega riža, ki je predstavljen kot alternativa vsem dobro poznanim statinom.
Metode: Zaključno delo je napisano na podlagi deskriptivne metode dela. Relevantno strokovno literaturo smo pridobili, analizirali oziroma pregledali iz naslednjih mednarodnih priznanih podatkovnih baz: PubMed, Sage, ScienceDirct, CINAHL Ultimate. Izvedli smo pregled literature, ki smo jo predstavili s pomočjo PRISMA diagrama.
Rezultati: V raziskavo smo vključili sedem randomiziranih kliničnih raziskav, ki so pokazale, da RYR pomembno znižuje holesterol LDL, skupni holesterol in trigliceride z minimalnimi neželenimi učinki. Učinkovitost se poveča v kombinaciji z drugimi spojinami, kot sta berberin in polifenoli.
Zaključek: Rdeč kvasni riž predstavlja obetavno naravno alternativo za obvladovanje hiperholesterolemij. Njegova širša uporaba zahteva nadaljnje raziskave in večjo ozaveščenost javnosti o njegovih prednostih.
Keywords: rdeč kvasni riž, statini, hiperholesterolemija, lipidi, zdrav življenjski slog
Published in DKUM: 06.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 19
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5. Povezanost med kakovostjo odnosa med učiteljem in učencem ter njegovim sociometričnim položajem v razredu : magistrsko deloKatarina Križan, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Namen magistrskega dela je ugotoviti, ali obstaja povezava med dimenzijami odnosa med učiteljem in učencem ter učenčevim sociometričnim položajem. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili socialni razvoj otrok, opredelili socialne odnose učencev z vrstniki, vpliv vrstniških odnosov na učenca, njegov sociometrični položaj v razredu in razlike v odnosu med spoloma. Nato smo opredelili odnos med učiteljem in učencem, predstavili njegov pomen, načine merjenja ter predstavili načine spodbujanja pozitivnega odnosa. Prav tako smo predstavili povezavo odnosa med učiteljem in učencem z vrstniškimi odnosi. V empiričnem delu smo z učenci (N = 130) izvedli sociometrično preizkušnjo, učitelji (N = 10) pa so izpolnili Lestvico odnosa med učiteljem in učencem. Rezultati so pokazali, da učitelji v povprečju svoj odnos z učenci zaznavajo kot topel in bližnji, kar se kaže z visokimi vrednostmi na dimenziji Bližina in nizkimi vrednostmi na dimenzijah Konflikt ter Odvisnost. Rezultati kažejo, da obstajajo tudi razlike med spoloma, in sicer smo zaznali višje vrednosti dimenzij Bližina in Odvisnost pri učenkah. Ugotovili smo, da več kot polovica učencev v razredu zasede srednji sociometrični položaj, razlik med spoloma pa nismo odkrili. Ugotovili smo tudi povezanost sociometričnega položaja z dimenzijo Konflikt, in sicer so bile največje razlike zaznane pri učencih z nizkim sociometričnim položajem.
Keywords: odnos, učitelj, učenec, sociometrični položaj, razredni pouk
Published in DKUM: 14.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 13
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6. Inverse molecular docking elucidating the anticarcinogenic potential of the hop natural product xanthohumol and its metabolitesKatarina Kores, Zala Kolenc, Veronika Furlan, Urban Bren, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Natural products from plants exert a promising potential to act as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic agents. Xanthohumol, a natural compound from hops, is indeed known for its anticarcinogenic properties. Xanthohumol is converted into three metabolites: isoxanthohumol (non-enzymatically) as well as 8- and 6-prenylnaringenin (enzymatically). An inverse molecular docking approach was applied to xanthohumol and its three metabolites to discern their potential protein targets. The aim of our study was to disclose the potential protein
targets of xanthohumol and its metabolites in order to expound on the potential anticarcinogenic
mechanisms of xanthohumol based on the found target proteins. The investigated compounds were
docked into the predicted binding sites of all human protein structures from the Protein Data Bank,
and the best docking poses were examined. Top scoring human protein targets with successfully
docked compounds were identified, and their experimental connection with the anticarcinogenic
function or cancer was investigated. The obtained results were carefully checked against the existing
experimental findings from the scientific literature as well as further validated using retrospective
metrics. More than half of the human protein targets of xanthohumol with the highest docking scores
have already been connected with the anticarcinogenic function, and four of them (including two
important representatives of the matrix metalloproteinase family, MMP-2 and MMP-9) also have a
known experimental correlation with xanthohumol. Another important protein target is acyl-protein
thioesterase 2, to which xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, and 6-prenylnaringenin were successfully
docked with the lowest docking scores. Moreover, the results for the metabolites show that their
most promising protein targets are connected with the anticarcinogenic function as well. We firmly
believe that our study can help to elucidate the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of xanthohumol and its
metabolites as after consumption, all four compounds can be simultaneously present in the organism.
Keywords: xanthohumol, metabolites, inverse molecular docking, anticarcinogenic effects
Published in DKUM: 10.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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7. Public handling of protective masks from use to disposal and recycling options to new productsKatarina Remic, Alen Erjavec, Julija Volmajer Valh, Sonja Šterman, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: A study was conducted on the waste of disposable surgical masks and their problematic impact on the environment. The studies examined have shown the negative effects on the environment that are likely to occur and those that have already occurred. In this article, society's relationship to the potential recycling of disposable surgical masks is considered and projected onto the possibilities of the cradle-to-cradle design approach. The development of a product from recycled surgical masks is driven by two different surveys. The first focuses on wear and disposal habits, and the second on the relationship to recycling. As a result, the flooring was developed with thermally treated recycled surgical masks replacing the filler layer. The goal of the product design was to improve the long-term life cycle analysis of a waste surgical mask.
Keywords: maske, medicinski odpadki, okolje, recikliranje izdelka z dodano vrednostjo, analiza življenjskega cikla, masks, medical waste, recycling added-value product, life-cycle-analysis
Published in DKUM: 26.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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8. Experimental investigation of the biofunctional properties of nickel–titanium alloys depending on the type of productionMinja Miličić Lazić, Peter Majerič, Vojkan Lazić, Jelena Milašin, Milica Jakšić, Dijana Trišić, Katarina Radović, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Nickel–titanium alloys used in dentistry have a variety of mechanical, chemical, and
biofunctional properties that are dependent on the manufacturing process. The aim of this study
was to compare the mechanical and biofunctional performances of a nickel–titanium alloy produced
by the continuous casting method (NiTi-2) with commercial nitinol (NiTi-1) manufactured by the
classical process, i.e., from remelting in a vacuum furnace with electro-resistive heating and final
casting into ingots. The chemical composition of the tested samples was analyzed using an energy
dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)
quantitative microstructural analysis was performed to determine phase distribution in the samples.
As part of the mechanical properties, the hardness on the surface of samples was measured with
the static Vickers method. The release of metal ions (Ni, Ti) in artificial saliva (pH 6.5) and lactic
acid (pH 2.3) was measured using a static immersion test. Finally, the resulting corrosion layer was
revealed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which allows the detection and direct
measurement of the formatted oxide layer thickness. To assess the biocompatibility of the tested
nickel–titanium alloy samples, an MTT test of fibroblast cellular proliferation on direct contact with
the samples was performed. The obtained data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics v22
software. EDX and XRF analyses showed a higher presence of Ni in the NiTi-2 sample. The EBSD
analysis detected an additional NiTi2
-cubic phase in the NiTi-2 microstructure. Additionally, in the
NiTi-2 higher hardness was measured. An immersion test performed in artificial saliva after 7 days
did not induce significant ion release in either group of samples (NiTi-1 and NiTi-2). The acidic
environment significantly increased the release of toxic ions in both types of samples. However, Ni
ion release was two times lower, and Ti ion release was three times lower from NiTi-2 than from
NiTi-1. Comparison of the cells’ mitochondrial activity between the NiTi-1 and NiTi-2 groups did
not show a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, we obtained an alloy of small diameter
with an appropriate microstructure and better response compared to classic NiTi material. Thus, it
appears from the present study that the continuous cast technology offers new possibilities for the
production of NiTi material for usage in dentistry.
Keywords: nickel–titanium, continuous casting, characterization, biofunctional properties, biocompatibility
Published in DKUM: 24.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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9. Structural integrity and life assessment of Ti-6Al-4V orthopaedic implantsKatarina Čolić, Svetlana M. Kostić, Simon Sedmak, Nenad Gubeljak, Aleksandar Grbović, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the mechanical behaviour of orthopaedic implants with crack-type defects, considering the principles and advantages of the modern X-FEM method, which was used due to limitations of traditional FEM in terms of crack growth simulation, especially for complex geometries. In X-FEM, the finite element space is enriched with discontinuity functions and asymptotic functions at the crack tip, which are integrated into the standard finite element approximation using the unity division property. Though rare, femoral component failures are well-documented complications that can occur after hip prosthetic implantation. Most stem fractures happen in the first third of the implant due to the loosening of the proximal stem and fixation of the distal stem, leading to bending and eventual fatigue failure. The main goal of this paper was to obtain accurate and representative models of such failures. Experimental analyses of the mechanical behaviour of implants subjected to physiological loads, according to relevant standards, using a new combined approach, including both experiments and numerical simulations was presented. The goal was to verify the numerical results and obtain a novel, effective methodology for assessing the remaining fatigue life of hip implants. For this purpose, the analysis of the influence of Paris coefficients on the total number of cycles was also considered. Hence, this simulation involved defining loads to closely mimic real-life scenarios, including a combination of activities such as ascending stairs, stumbling, and descending stairs. The tensile properties of the titanium alloy were experimentally determined, along with the Paris law coefficients C and m. The finite element software ANSYS 2022R2 version was used to develop and calculate the three-dimensional model with a crack, and the resulting stresses, stress intensity factors, and the number of cycles presented in the figures, tables, and diagrams. The results for the fatigue life of a partial hip implant subjected to various load cases indicated significant differences in behaviour, and this underscores the importance of analysing each case individually, as these loads are heavily influenced by each patient’s specific activities. It was concluded that the use of numerical methods enabled the preliminary analyses of the mechanical behaviour of implants under fatigue loading for several different load cases, and these findings can be effectively used to predict the possibility of Ti-6Al-4V implant failure under variable cyclic loads.
Keywords: structural integrity, fatigue fracture, extended finite element method (XFEM), experimental testing, DIC, numerical simulations, stress intensity factor, orthopaedic implants, crack-type defect
Published in DKUM: 21.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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10. Analiza stališč bodočih učiteljev in učiteljev v praksi do vzgojno-izobraževalne inkluzije učencev s posebnimi potrebami : magistrsko deloKatarina Pogorevc Lavbič, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Vključevanje otrok s posebnimi potrebami v redne osnovne šole prinaša vse več novih izzivov. Veliko breme pri tem nosijo prav učitelji kot ključni akterji inkluzije. Od učiteljev, ki poučujejo v inkluzivnih oddelkih, se pričakuje, da pridobijo vsa potrebna znanja za delo z učenci s posebnimi potrebami, sámo idejo o inkluziji oziroma inkluzivnem poučevanju pa popolnoma sprejemajo in so ji naklonjeni. Opara meni, da so za uresničevanje inkluzije zelo pomembna stališča učiteljev, a ta so odvisna od mnogih dejavnikov, kot sta ugotovili Schmidt in Čagran v svoji raziskavi.
Stališča učiteljev do vključevanja otrok s posebnimi potrebami v razred skupaj s tipičnimi
vrstniki pomembno spodbujajo ali ovirajo uspešno inkluzijo v vzgoji in izobraževanju. Magistrsko delo razišče stališča učiteljev v praksi in bodočih učiteljev do vzgojno-izobraževalne inkluzije otrok s posebnimi potrebami v osnovni šoli. Podrobneje so predstavljene razlike v stališčih učiteljev v praksi in bodočih učiteljev do posameznih pokazateljev splošnih stališč do inkluzije glede na starost, izkušnje, usposobljenost in status.
Raziskovanje poteka s spletnim anketnim vprašalnikom, oblikovanim za učitelje razrednega pouka. Zbran je vzorec 96 učiteljev razrednega pouka in 39 bodočih učiteljev. Zbrani podatki so nato obdelani s statističnim programskim paketom SPSS. S pomočjo statističnih testov je na koncu pridobljen vpogled v stališča učiteljev do inkluzije.
Keywords: učitelji razrednega pouka, inkluzija, stališče
Published in DKUM: 10.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 29
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