1. History-dependent phase transition characterJuš Polanšek, Arbresha Hölbl, Szymon Starzonek, Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska, Sylwester Rzoska, Samo Kralj, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: We consider history-dependent behavior in domain-type configurations in orientational order that are formed in configurations reached via continuous symmetry-breaking phase transitions. In equilibrium, these systems exhibit in absence of impurities a spatially homogeneous order. We focus on cases where domains are formed via (i) Kibble-Zurek mechanism in fast enough quenches or by (ii) Kibble mechanism in strongly supercooled phases. In both cases, domains could be arrested due to pinned topological defects that are formed at domain walls. In systems exhibiting polar or quadrupolar order, point and line defects (disclinations) dominate, respectively. In particular, the disclinations could form complex entangled structures and are more efficient in stabilizing domains. Domain patterns formed by fast quenches could be arrested by impurities imposing a strong enough random-field type disorder, as suggested by the Imry-Ma theorem. On the other hand, domains formed in supercooled systems could be also formed if large enough energy barriers arresting domains are established due to large enough systems’ stiffness. The resulting effective interactions in established domain-type patterns could be described by random matrices. The resulting eigenvectors reveal expected structural excitations formed in such structures. The most important role is commonly played by the random matrix largest eigenvector. Qualitatively different behavior is expected if this eigenvector exhibits a localized or extended character. In the former case, one expects a gradual, non-critical-type transition into a glass-type structure. However, in the latter case, a critical-like phase behavior could be observed.
Keywords: topological defects, domains, disorder
Published in DKUM: 01.07.2024; Views: 140; Downloads: 8
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2. Potisna sila pri površinski razelektritvi na dielektrični pregradi : magistrsko deloJuš Polanšek, 2023, master's thesis Abstract: Površinsko razelektritev na dielektrični pregradi dobimo, ko na dve elektrodi, ločeni z dielektrikom, priključimo visoko električno napetost. Zrak v bližini elektrode se ionizira in tvori hladno atmosfersko plazmo. V električnem polju ustvarjeni in pospešeni nabiti delci trčijo z nevtralnimi delci in jim prenesejo gibalno količino zaradi česar se zrak nad dielektrikom začne premikat, kar povzroči potisno silo. Na tem področju še vedno ni dobro raziskano, kako debelina dielektrika in razdalja med elektrodama vplivata na potisno silo, še posebej pri višjih frekvencah, kot je 20 kHz. Iz dostopne literature je razvidno, da potisna sile še ni bila neposredno izmerjena in tudi ne analiziran njen časovni potek. V magistrski nalogi smo se zato odločili, da eksperimentalno preučimo potisno silo. Raziskovali smo, kako različne geometrijske lastnosti in termični pojavi vplivajo na potisno silo pri površinski razelektritvi na dielektrični pregradi. Ugotovili smo, da je pri enakih amplitudah električne napetosti potisna sila večja na tanjšem dielektriku in da se sila veča, ko uporabimo tanjšo izpostavljeno elektrodo. Pri uporabi ožje izolirane elektrode smo opazili, da na določenem območju sila neha naraščati, kljub temu da se napetost še vedno veča. Sklepamo, da je razlog za ta pojav nasičenje ionskega oblaka nad dielektrikom. Izmerili smo, da je sila največja, če sta elektrodi izmaknjeni za približno 1 mm. Optimalna razdalja je v okviru merske napake ostala enaka pri različnih jakostih napetosti in dveh širinah izolirane elektrode. Določili smo smer potisne sile na 8°±2° glede na površino dielektrika in ugotovili, da smer ni odvisna od amplitude električne napetosti in širine izolirane elektrode. Izmerili smo časovni potek sile in temperature na dielektrikih različnih debelin in ugotovili, da je padanje sile s časom povezano s segrevanjem plina zraka nad površino dielektrika. To smo preverili tudi z analizo števila in amplitud razelektritev iz električnega toka, izmerjenega z osciloskopom. Izvedene meritve in znanstvena spoznanja iz tega dela bodo uporabna predvsem za regulacijo zračnega toka v različne namene.
Keywords: atmosferska hladna plazma, površinska razelektritev na dielektrični pregradi, potisna sila, visoka električna napetost, razelektritev zraka, geometrijski parametri razelektritve, termični pojavi v plazmi.
Published in DKUM: 18.09.2023; Views: 419; Downloads: 25
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3. Stable assemblies of topological defects in nematic orientational orderArbresha Hölbl, Luka Mesarec, Juš Polanšek, Aleš Iglič, Samo Kralj, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: We considered general mechanisms enabling the stabilization of localized assemblies of topological defects (TDs). There is growing evidence that physical fields represent fundamental natural entities, and therefore these features are of interest to all branches of physics. In general, cores of TDs are energetically costly, and consequently, assemblies of TDs are unfavorable. Owing to the richness of universalities in the physics of TDs, it is of interest to identify systems where they are easily experimentally accessible, enabling detailed and well-controlled analysis of their universal behavior, and cross-fertilizing knowledge in different areas of physics. In this respect, thermotropic nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) represent an ideal experiment testbed for such studies. In addition, TDs in NLCs could be exploited in several applications. We present examples that emphasize the importance of curvature imposed on the phase component of the relevant order parameter field. In NLCs, it is represented by the nematic tensor order parameter. Using a simple Landau-type approach, we show how the coupling between chirality and saddle splay elasticity, which can be expressed as a Gaussian curvature contribution, can stabilize Meron TDs. The latter have numerous analogs in other branches of physics. TDs in 2D curved manifolds reveal that the Gaussian curvature dominantly impacts the assembling and stabilization of TDs. Furthermore, a strong enough curvature that serves as an attractor for TDs is a respective field that could be imposed in a fast enough phase transition. Assemblies of created TDs created in such a disordered environment could be stabilized by appropriate impurities.
Keywords: topological defects, nematic liquid crystals, Gaussian curvature, topological charge
Published in DKUM: 17.07.2023; Views: 421; Downloads: 28
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