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Pravni in izvedbeni vidiki odvzema premoženja nezakonitega izvora : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje
Jona Koren Fric, 2022, undergraduate thesis

Abstract: Institut odvzema premoženja nezakonitega izvora je relativno nov ukrep, katerega namen je sporočiti ljudem, da se kriminal ne izplača. Vedno bolj se uzakonja dvotirni sistem odvzema premoženja, kar pomeni, da se lahko premoženje odvzame tako v kazenskem postopku kot tudi civilnem. Republika Slovenija je zaradi zaščite ekonomske varnosti leta 2011 sprejela Zakon o odvzemu premoženja nezakonitega izvora. Postopek je civilne narave in kazenskemu postopku služi kot dopolnilno orodje. Omenjeni institut (je) (raz)deli(l) širšo in strokovno javnost na dva pola. Nasprotniki mu pravijo kar »drakonski ukrep«, saj naj bi po njihovem mnenju globoko posegal v človekove pravice, predvsem lastninsko pravico in domnevo nedolžnosti, na drugem polu pa so zagovorniki mnenja, da ta ukrep predstavlja legitimno orodje za dosego cilja in da je za ekonomsko stabilnost vsake države potrebno, pod določenimi pogoji, preiskati premoženje in poseči po njem, če njegovega (zakonitega) izvora ni moč dokazati. V zaključnem delu je predstavljena normativna ureditev posameznih faz odvzema premoženja nezakonitega izvora, z namenom ugotovitve dejanskega stanja pa smo izvedli raziskavo, in sicer delno strukturirane intervjuje s posamezniki iz Okrožnega sodišča v Ljubljani in Specializiranega državnega tožilstva, na Policiji pa so podali pisne odgovore na poslan vprašalnik. Na podlagi odgovorov intervjuvancev smo identificirali probleme, s katerimi se soočajo akterji na operativni ravni in podali predloge za izboljšave. Ugotovili smo, da največji problem predstavlja sodelovanje s tujino, odsotnost specializiranega multidisciplinarnega organa za odvzem premoženja nezakonitega izvora ter neenotna tolmačenja sodišč t. i. nadomestnega odvzema premoženja. Menimo, da lahko samo premišljen sprejem zakonodaje omogoča tudi učinkovito delovanje v praksi, prav tako pa ima veliko vlogo tudi sodna praksa, ki se v Republiki Sloveniji v zvezi s tem institutom še ni dokončno izoblikovala. Ne glede na vse, je po mnenju intervjuvancev ZOPNI učinkovit ukrep, ki se bo (ob opozarjanju na pomanjkljivosti) v prihodnosti razvijal v pravo smer.
Keywords: diplomske naloge, ZOPNI, pravni vidiki, izvedbeni vidiki, problemi, učinkovitost
Published in DKUM: 01.03.2022; Views: 977; Downloads: 250
Full text (1012,48 KB)

Case studies of independent audits of police financial operations by the Court of Audit of the Republic of Slovenia
Bojan Tičar, Jona Koren Fric, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: Purpose: This paper presents an overview of audit-case studies of the Slovenian Court of Audit where the audit subjects were Police financial operations. In relation to other state authorities, the Court of Audit of the Republic of Slovenia is an autonomous and independent state authority that supervises the use of public funds. The Court of Audit supervises all bodies and authorities in Slovenia that are users of public funds, including the Police. Design/Methods/Approach: Research design of this paper is the set of three research methods used in collecting data and analysing findings. First method is descriptive analysis of legal regulations. Second research method is case-study analysis. Third research method is observational study based on direct interview. Synthesis is presented in the conclusions. Findings: The Court of Audit reviews the credibility of the response report of auditee after audit. If the Court of Audit assesses that the remedial actions were not satisfactory and that the user of public funds violated the obligation to ensure operational efficiency, the Court of Audit may issue a call for remedial action and serve such on the competent authority, which can take measures against the auditee. As the Police are a direct user of public funds, the Court of Audit has the power to carry out an audit of the operations of the Police based on the law. The Police as whole have never been the subject of a regularity or performance audit by the Court of Audit. Research Limitations / Implications: We have limited analysed in details only those cases where police units were subjects of audit performed by Slovenian Court of Audit. Originality/Value: The Police have been the subject of three audits in time from beginning of Court of Audit operations and today. These cases are presented in the quality analysis. Based on this quality analysis, authors have also addressed some questions directly to the Court of Audit of the Republic of Slovenia, i.e., in the form of a directed interview. The questions concerned external audits of Police operations by the Court of Audit and an assessment of the cooperation of the Court of Audit with the Police. Our research results are presented in the end of this article. In conclusion, the standpoints of the Court of Audit in fact support our previous findings presented in this paper.
Keywords: Slovenian Police, Slovenian Court of Audit, mandatory audits, regularity audits, performance audits, legal regulation of the Court of Audit
Published in DKUM: 11.06.2021; Views: 1412; Downloads: 18
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